Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño

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Análisis de la sustitución del material acero A36 por el material Q 235B en la construcción del sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Amancha Torres, Israel Jacinto; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The present research “The analysis of steel A36 substitution instead of Q235B material for the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province.”, is primarily aimed at comparing the Q235B material with A36 steel. Moreover, the obtained data, is the perfect sample to analyze the variable which supports the comparison between both materials, verifying that the results for the substitution bear out firmly all the characteristics of the proposal for this Project, the data obtained from the tests provided belong to the Consorcio Alao company having the authorization of the data, in addition tests were carried out in the Center of Productive Metalmechanical Development Carrocero. The information collected on the destructive and non-destructive testing methods helped us to analyze the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of this steel. In this way, each of the characteristics of this material is determined to be used in the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province. At the end of the project, the characterization of the analyzed steels and their replacement for the construction of the Drinking Water System of Riobamba city in Chimborazo province is presented, through the SMAW welding process under the criteria of acceptance and rejection of API standards 1104 and ASME IX, using electrodes E6010 and E7018 ones as input material, with a type of butt joint and 6G welding position because the pipe to be welded is static without being able to change Welding position, material Q235B presents good mechanical properties and its welding bead does not present many defects.
Obtención de un nuevo material híbrido de matriz polimérica de resina poliéster y fibra natural de cabuya, reforzada con fibra de carbono para su aplicación en la industria automotriz
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Ramos Guaillaguaman, Diego Geovanny; Espín Guerrero, Víctor Rodrigo
The research is based on obtaining a new hybrid material for application in the automotive industry, the determination of the orientation and proportion of the elements of the new hybrid material was obtained by means of forming methods and techniques that are currently being executed in the sector. Conducted research in the field of bus parts production, 95 percentage of the companies carried out using the manual stratification method and 5 percentage with other methods. The configuration establishes the direction of the fibers of cabuya and carbon, material of contribution, number of layers and approximate thickness, where the orientation is longitudinal at 0 grades and transversal at 90 grades. The results obtained in the calculation of the volumetric fractions are estimated values to have a base at the time of making the specimens, without having several aspects such as: losses of polyester resin during the process of preparation and application in the mold. Once the tensile, flexural and impact tests were performed, the best combination was obtained being the carbon fiber material, but the study analyzed is made of hybrid material, so the best result of hybrid materials is configuration four with a volumetric fraction of 40 percentage reinforcement woven cabochon fiber and 50 percentage woven carbon fiber, with the following mechanical properties, in traction: maximum stress of 60.4 Mpa and elastic modulus of 1889.11 Mpa, in flexion with a maximum effort 87.82 Mpa and flexural modulus of 4104.05 Mpa and in impact with a resistance to the impact of 6.71 J. To validate the results of the tensile and flexural tests carried out in the treasury, simulation of finite elements was used, obtaining a percentage of error of 12.68 percentage in the maximum tensile test effort and 0.18 percentage in the maximum effort of the flexural test, being within the acceptable range that is 10 to 15 percentage.
Análisis de la aleación mecánica de aluminio 1060 con porcentajes controlados en peso de zinc y su incidencia en la resistencia última a la tensión, dureza e impacto
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Pineda Silva, Giovanny Vinicio; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
The research project begins due to the need to have technically documented information related to powder metallurgy within the scope of mechanical alloy, manufacturing process that is entering into the National Industry, due to the advantages it presents with respect to traditional processes; being the most representative, a more exact control of the limits of the composition, optimization of raw material and is a process susceptible to automation with good surface finish for serial production of mechanical components. The experimental process of the mechanical alloy begins with the obtaining of mechanical powder of the base elements: Aluminum 1060 with particle size 30 micrometers and alloying: Zinc with particle size between 45−63 micrometers through the use of ball mill and a screening control; mixing process based on the percentages in weight defined for the subsequent compaction and sintering of the test pieces for the correct development of the tests. The study of tensile strength, hardness and impact was developed though the control of variables of percentage by weight of alloying element: 0.5 – 1.0 y 1.5 percentage Zinc, and sintering temperature: 462 celcius degrees y 594 celsius degrees ; the best results were obtained in the case of a study developed with 1 percentage Zinc and a temperature of 594 celsius degrees, where the hardness and tensile strength were increased by 69 percentage and 12.29 percentage respectively in relation to the base element; while the impact resistance as a function of the energy absorbed decreases by 39.40 percentage in the best case 1 percentage Zinc and 462 celsius degrees; in addition, the controlled variables are correlated with each other and directly affect the properties under study according to the statistical analysis developed by Fisher’s test.
Análisis de la influencia de las pruebas tecnológicas sobre las propiedades mecánicas de compuestos de resina polimérica reforzado con fibras naturales del Ecuador bajo norma ASTM
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Salán Guevara, Luis Geovanny; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
This document responds to an investigative work, against the lack of knowledge of the degree of degradation of composites in the open air, for this purpose the study of the influence of UV radiation and humidity, considered as technological tests, on the mechanical properties of tensile and flexion in two types of composite materials, one with a matrix of polyester resin and reinforcement of cabuya fiber and the other with the same matrix of the previous one with banana fiber reinforcement, under ASTM regulations. In order to determine the percentage of humidity and UV affectation in the aforementioned composite materials, by comparing their properties and determining which one offers better anti-degrading benefits to technological tests, tensile and flexural tests were carried out in the pre and post phases exposure to them. From the experimental treatment of the data obtained, conclusions are established that determine that the composite with better characteristics to resist technological tests is one that uses banana reinforcement. Subsequently, it was validated its use within the automotive industry - body supported by the analysis of finite elements performed by the specialized software intermediary, determining that its ideal application is for internal cover for bus roofs.
Análisis de soldabilidad del acero HSLA ASTM A1011 GR 50 y su incidencia en la fabricación de carrocerías metálicas para buses
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Poveda Almeida, Welligton Vladimir; Yunapanta Velastegui, José Luis
This investigation carried out, based on the large number of companies that manufacture metal buses bodies, which exist in Ecuador, use welding as the main process, these performed the weldability analysis between the ASTM A500 Gr C steel and the HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50, to investigate their weldment behaviour of a section of the body structure, in which the type of joint, parameters and welding processes to be used were analyzed. In addition, his work was based in a bibliographic way, where several documents were found with which it was possible to base this research in a profound way, at the same time, chemical, mechanical and physical tests were carried out with the cooperation of the company VARMA S.A., with the laboratories of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, the laboratories of the Salesian Polytechnic University and the Center for the Development of Carrocero Metallechanical Productivity, as well as every invaluable technical staff and human talent from each area, to determine the properties of each material by carrying out tests such as: penetrating liquids, metallography, hardness, tensile strength and impact, to finally compare the results and identify the incidence of each one on the manufacture of bodies. Finally, some mechanical properties of HSLA ASTM A1011 Gr 50 steel were obtained, which outperformed ASTM A500 Gr C steel, thus concluding that these results contribute to both business and country development.
Análisis de fiabilidad de máquinas y equipos por la ley de Weibull en el área de extrusión de la empresa Holviplas S.A. y su incidencia en la disponibilidad
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Agualongo Yansapanta, Luis Rolando; Castro Miniguano, Christian Byron
The present research "Analysis of reliability of machines and equipment by the law of Weibull in the area of extrusion of the company Holviplas S.A. and its impact on availability", has as its primary objective to determine the reliability using the mathematical and graphical method of Weibull. For the development of the analysis, statistical data of maintenance activities previously carried out were taken, which allowed us to identify, through an AMFE matrix, the most critical components or the most prone to failures. On the other hand also analyzed times mean time between failures(TMBF), average repair time (MTTR), operation time (To), the failure rate (Lamda), ideal reliability (Rt), Availability (D). Subsequently with the collected data the study of times of operation and stop of the machinery was carried out, by means of the information of the registers of maintenance, consecutively the statistical analysis was carried out to determine the reliability by means of the distribution of WEIBULL of each machine and equipment, so much with the mathematical method as the graphical method, which allowed to give a more relevant criterion, on which position of the curve of the bath are the machines and the pertinent actions that must be carried out for a process of maintenance. The research was based on the standards NTP 331 and NTP 679 for WEIBULL and AMFE analysis respectively. The software was programmed to determine reliability using the .m language of the specialised software and its GUIDE graphical interface editor. Finally, several practical applications were made to verify the correct functioning of the program, demonstrate its functionality and scope, obtaining a program that is able to calculate the parameters of the Weibull distribution, reliability values and graph with precision at the height of some commercial software , with a simple user interface.
Determinación de los parámetros de corte láser por CO2 en el acero ASTM A500 y la aleación HSLA ASTM a1011 grado 50 y su incidencia en la rugosidad superficial, dureza del material y efecto térmico para aplicaciones en la industria metalmecánica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Toapanta Cunalata, Oscar Gabriel; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
The industry in the country has a great growth so that one of the main problem is the continuous improvement of the processes, including cutting, it must be more precise and with a better quality. Therefore, the objective of the investigation is to analyze the laser cutting and how it influences the surface quality and the thermal effect on ASTM A500 and HSLA A1011 Gr 50 steels that are used in the metalworking industry. An experimental analysis was developed based on a factorial design, together with the characterization and the tests it was established that the most influential parameter in the investigation is the type of cutting and the material, so it has an adequate surface roughness value is 1.96µm in HSLA Steel that is in agreedment with the standard ISO 1302: 2002 quality for frequent applications, the temperature during the process is 275.6 grades C causing an increasement in hardness of 48.4HV which is than A500 Steel. In addition, quality of the cutting was established qualitatively by determining the surface topography using the scanning electron microscope SEM, as well as the simulation of the thermal effect on the material during the process, in this way corroborating the experimentation. Through the investigation, the appropriate laser cutting parameters were determined, which are a Power of 650W and a Speed of 3.0m/min.
Análisis de recubrimientos anticorrosivos aplicado al acero de alta resistencia y baja aleación (HSLA) ASTM a 1011 GR 50 y su incidencia en la tasa de corrosión para aplicaciones en la industria metalmecánica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Guilcaso Molina, Cristian Orlando; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
This Project begins because the objective goes beyond studying the corrosion rate that occurs in ASTM HSLA 1011 Gr-50 steel compare it with ASTM A-500 and ASTM A-500 Galvanized steel. The specimens was tested in the salt spray chamber for along 480 hours. Once the surface cleaning parameters SSPC SP - 3 “mechanical and manual cleaning” and SSPC SP - 5 “abrasive blast cleaning” and coating application parameters have been met and accepted, Coating 1: Anti-corrosive Stop Mate Zinc Chromate and Coating 2: Layer 1: Hempadur Mastic 45881 and Layer 2: Hempathane Topcoat 55210, accelerate the corrosion process in the salt spray chamber at different exposure times and determine the loss of mass by initial and final. Tabulating results was obtained that the maximum corrosion rate corresponds to the composition of ASTM A-500 steel with an SSPC SP-3 cleaning system + Anticorrosive coating, reaching the value of 0.2119 mm / year, while that the minimum corrosion rate is given in a HSLA 1011 Gr - 50 steel, with an SSPC SP- 5 cleaning system + anticorrosive coating having an value of 0.0014 mm / year.
Diseño de una herramienta de forma para mecanizado de contrasalidas en moldes de suelas de calzado y determinación de los regímenes de corte adecuados
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Muquinche Puca, Juan Pablo; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
The research project was developed due to mold manufacturing market demand for shoes soles. Since, one of the main problems is the lack of tools that cover Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machining programs’ demand; which integrate advanced cutting strategies in their latest versions. This type of technology has evolved over time. In addition, market trends have required program developers to integrate functions that were not possible in the past. However, the best cutting strategies are not enough if resistant tools that have a durable design are not integrated. According to the presented study and through an experimental analysis, an adequate design of a rhomboidal counter-output tool is provided. Likewise, cutting parameters that guarantee a long life are established. The relevant factors in the experimental process are advanced speed and lateral pass depth. Since, machining advanced strategies appearance have been determined empirically. Consequently, material and time losses are generated during molds development. Trend continuous change of footwear models demands a flexible mold manufacturing process and implementation of adaptable machining tools. The proposal of this research includes a manual of sharpening procedure, according to proposed and validated design tool. Sharpening process is carried out by a tool development team at different clamping angles. In addition, the appropriate tool material was determined, which has flexibility to increase lateral pass value percentage.
Optimización mediante metodología de superficie de respuesta de los parámetros de fabricación de fachaletas mezclando concreto con triturado de tereftalato de polietileno reciclado y su incidencia en la resistencia mecánica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Castillo Herrera, Willan Pablo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
People's wrong habits when recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic bottles ends up in environmental pollution, a plastic bottle recycling machine was implemented in Santo Domingo of the Tsáchilas, and using a Nelmor brand plastic bottle crusher, G1215M1 model, Polyethylene Terephthalate is processed.Crushed recycled PET percentage variations of 15 -20 –25 percent are made in the mixture with dimensions between 6mm -8mm -14mm and aggregate of 3mm -8mm -11mm. This concrete composite material plus the addition of crushed recycled PET are added in a manufactured mold from Artisan 1 that is a silicone elastomer. 45 veneers are manufactured and 4-point flexural tests are made, after 21 days of being manufactured according to INEN 2554:2011 norm, variates between 0,50125 and 1,59958 Megapascal. To the 45 veneers after 21 days of being manufactured, compression tests are made according to the INEN 1573:2010 norm and variates between 1.80700 and 4.31367 Megapascal. An optimization is performed through a surface response methodology using a statistical software, determining the optimal parametersfor veneers manufacturing, where the maximum percentage in the PET mix is of 15 percent with a dimension of 14mm and aggregate size of 6,95 mm. It is recommended in future investigations to make concrete veneers plus the addition of crushed recycled PET with a maximum percentage of 15 percent as a in the mixture, 14 mm dimension and 7 mm aggregate size, and to add a pigment in the mix to give color to the veneers.
Análisis de la influencia de un dieléctrico ecológico sobre la rugosidad superficial en el maquinado del acero K100 mediante el proceso de electroerosión por hilo (WEDM)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Molina Molina, Diego Patricio; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
In the Ecuador, non-conventional mechanized process have carried an analysis that is referred to the form of production of mechanic elements of complex geometry, that’s why the necessity of investigate the cuts of wire electroerosion (WEDM); using an alternative dielectric which is ecological in base to the electrochemical effect, for the aim of substitute the common way of coolant without the alteration of the final roughness and hardness on the cutting section, and preserve the equipment integrity, and contributing to the factories dedicated to the sheet metal process, to the ecology and the environment around us. The mentioned process goer together with the adequate cutting parameters study, based on an experimental investigation lead to characterized the representative ones of the surface finishing. The analysis is based on a comparative treatment which permits knowing the variability of the roughness and hardness acquired amounts on the cutting section through a variances analysis ANOVA about the factors that influence on the cutting process, in addition observe the presence of possible alterations on the cutting zone through the application of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Having as a result the applicability of the alternative dielectric because under the influence of the same is achieved to obtain in average a significant value of roughness equal to 4,658 micrometers which is less to the achieved average amount with the application of the coolant, where the average is 5,253 micrometers. Furthermore, the surface represents less rate of irregularities, and one significant average to hardness it is referred. That is why the ecologic fluent gets to substitute easily, achieving with the asked expectations for the mechanized type.
Análisis de recubrimientos anticorrosivos aplicados a los aceros Q235B y su incidencia en la tasa de corrosión, en el sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Amancha Torres, Hugo Fabián; Paredes Robalino, María Belén
The investigation studied several anticorrosive coatings applied to Q235 steel, and the effects of the corrosion rate with the help of the salt spray chamber. The applied coatings are products known in the market and are AWWA C210 / 92 certified epoxy-food grade; because the pipe is used in the Drinking Water System of the City of Riobamba. The samples to be analyzed contain three different types of substrate cleaning prior to coating application and two types of coating application. For the present study, we will refer to the ASTM B117 standards, which details the necessary guidelines for accelerated corrosion tests in a salt spray chamber. According to ASTM D610, the degree of corrosion presented by the samples was indicated. And based on the ASTM G1 standard, the corrosion rate of each specimen was calculated. This analysis helped us compare and establish the best corrosion protection methods for Q235B carbon steel. Which are: UHS Duraplate - Bristle Blaster - Spraying and UHS Duraplate - Mechanical - Spraying with corrosion rate of 0.0205 mm / year.
Estudio de la rugosidad superficial y el desgaste de herramientas de carburo en el proceso de torneado para una aleación de aluminio AA 7075-T6 (PRODAX)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Ramírez Gangotena, Leonidas Esteban; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
The aluminum alloy AA 7075-T6 has advantages due to its mechanical properties, its good machinability and its understandable cost compared against other materials. Therefore, it has a great field in its industrial applications, especially in the automotive industry, aviation, marine, injection, among others. The aim of this investigation is to study the impact of the cutting parameters in the surface roughness and the tool wear, for the CNC turning machining of an aluminum alloy AA 7075-T6. An experimental methodology has been used and the considered factors were the cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (f), cutting depth (Ap) and the experimental essays were done with two levels for each factor. The turning machining was carried out in a CNC turning machine, EMCO brand model EMCOMAT E-200 by doing 16 essays according to the arrangement, by the corresponding experimental design of a complete factorial. Thus, it was established the factors that influence in the surface finish and the cutting tool wear. By using an ANOVA analysis of variance, it was determined that, for a surface roughness, the feed rate influences in 95.91 percent, the cutting speed 0.00803 percentage, the cutting depth 0.1813 percent and the type of cutting tool 1.22 percent. Meanwhile, for the cutting tool wear, the feed rate influences in 0.94 percent, the cutting speed 1.84 percent, the cutting depth 3.954 percent and the type of cutting tool 82.136 percent. In function of the analysis of the obtained results, it was determined the optimum cutting parameters, establishing a cutting speed of 400 [m/min], feed rate of 0.1 [mm/rev], cutting depth of 1.5 [mm] and chemical vapor deposition covering (CVD) as type of cutting tool. Under these parameters, the surface roughness (Ra) was 0.7098 [µm] and the cutting tool wear was 0.9233 [µm].
Optimización de los parámetros de aplicación del recubrimiento duro Belzona y su incidencia en la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo en álabes de turbinas Francis
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Sangucho Yanchapanta, Edgar Rolando; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
This research work was carried out under the objective of optimizing the application parameters of the Belzona hard coating and its impact on abrasive wear resistance in Francis turbine blades, for which abrasive wear tests were performed to determine the rate of wear and loss of coating volume. For the development of the research, the type of research based on the experimental method was based on the bibliographic and field methodology. To design the phenomenon of parameter optimization, an experiment design was carried out under the response surface method using the technique of Box-Behnken, the study phenomenon that included 15 trials with the application and combination of time parameters, thickness, curing temperature of the coating for the evaluation of the variable, in addition to 75 replications depending on the development of experiments, to which The coatings were applied. With this it could be concluded that the application of the coating on the improved materials the characteristics and properties with respect to abrasive wear, these processes affected a greater hardness and abrasive resistance.
Diseño de la estructura del autobus interprovincial modelo IM9 sobre chasis Mercedes Benz 0500 RS 1836 de Miral Autobuses en base a la seguridad al vuelco
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Atacusí Hidalgo, Braulio Patricio; Arroba Arroba, Cesar Hernán
In our country, there are some problems in the coach sector related to the manufacture of buses, among which are high weight and low resistance to rollover, which has resulted in high mortality rates in traffic accidents. Taking as reference previous studies, based on research carried out worldwide, national and international regulations, the current structure of the bus for interprovincial service IM9 on Mercedes Benz O500 RS 1836 chassis of Miral Autobuses, was based on the theory and the finite element method with the analysis software Ansys, which was validated by a physical rollover test of the most critical section of the structure in accordance with the provisions of Regulation 66 of the United Nations, the structure was modified with the material that the company currently uses, identifying oversized segments, by varying the thickness, its weight was reduced without forgetting rollover resistance, reliable results were achieved to ensure the quality and safety of the products manufactured by Miral Autobuses. It was determined by an adequate design, at specific points of the bus structure reducing its weight always keeping in mind the most important aspect, the conservation of lives, which translates into the fact that the passenger survival zone is never invaded during a rollover accident. After having done the research, it is recommended to work on composite materials for the body components, which can reduce weight in order to be more competitive in comparison to other bus body builders that are selling its products in our country, in the future, we will sell our buses in international markets.
Optimización topológica de un asiento de autobús interprovincial para el cumplimiento del reglamento ECE-R80
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Córdova Aldas, Carlos Omar; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
The manufacturing process of the seats from the metallic body of the interprovincial buses made in the country are made by craft. The analysis of the original and optimized pieces was carried out through the following steps: with a pre-processing carrying out a CAD design in order to draw the geometry of the seat structure, then, there was a process in which a particular mesh design was developed, which allowed to lighten the results at the moment of being evaluated in the MEF programs; the efforts to which the most fundamental pieces are exposed were verified in post-processing through simulation in computer programs. The pieces that were optimized are: the seat leg, the spring support, the seat belt support plates and the elbow supports. This topological optimization in each of the pieces that are part of the interprovincial service bus seat, allowed to reduce the weight of the seats and therefore the entire body, which influences a reduction in fuel.
Estudio del estado actual de máquinas y equipos del área de inyección de accesorios de PVC de la empresa Holviplas S.A. a través de los registros de falla mediante la ley de Weibull
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Poaquiza Rivera, Nelson Rodrigo; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
At present, maintenance at the company level is important, which consists of planning certain measures dedicated to the condition of machines and equipment that has as its primary objective to determine the reliability and availability, with this it is intended to know the optimal operating conditions, reducing the failure rate, downtime and thus increase the life of the elements and the productivity of the company. It began with the determination of technical data sheets and the collection of data on maintenance activities recorded for each machine and equipment in the area, where operating times (To), repair time (TR), downtime (TP) were obtained and the mean time between failures (TPEF), mean time between repairs (TPPR), failure rate, reliability, and availability (D) were analyzed. Afterwards, the analysis was made by means of a statistical tool according to the NTP331 Weibull analysis, to determine the reliability by the mathematical method and graphic model for each machinery, which facilitated to issue a relevant criterion on the graphs of the curve of the bath and the stages that each machine and equipment are in. Also according to the Standard NTP 679 AMFE, the crucial components to suffer failures were identified through a matrix of weighted criteria, in which the risk priority number (NPR) of each system was obtained, which indicates the actions that must be taken for each component with greater (NPR) of the machinery. A specialized software was developed that allows and facilitates the calculation of the characteristic parameters of the Weibull function, as well as the reliability measurement parameters such as: failure rate, failure probability, time between failures, availability, etc. The program requires the entry of the historical data of operation times ordered from minor to major either manually or by means of an excel file by the selected method. Several practical tests were carried out to check the scope and it was possible to obtain a program that is capable of calculating the mentioned parameters and also of graphing with a precision at the level of some commercial softwares, with a simple user interface. The software developed is intended in the future to be applied to multiple machines and equipment from different companies, whether they are manufacturing companies or any other activity that requires an industrial maintenance strategy.
Estudio de la influencia del proceso de soldadura del acero HSLA ASTM A500 GR C utilizado en carrocerías de buses en sus propiedades mecánicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Carrasco Carrasco, Luis Roberto; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
This research is intended to define the influence of the heat contributed by the welding process of the bus bodywork on the properties of the material and its capacity of resistance to impact, and for this purpose it began with the testing of ASTM A500 steel without welding. Then, the test was carried out with the E6011 electrode central weld and with the ER70S-6 electrode, measuring the deformation with an initial length of 100mm. It can be effectively verified that the welding process does affect the properties of the material. The most affected property was the modulus of elasticity with a change that exceeded 80 percent, which means that the welding process modified the material making it more rigid and brittle due to the change in temperature and the cooling rate. The yield stress of the material in the welded area decreased to 10 percent, which also reduces the safety factor in this area. Following this, the impact simulation of the front of the bus bodywork was modeled and performed by using the results of the tests in the welding area. The simulation results allowed to identify the areas where the greatest stresses occur, these were located in the area of the frontal collision near the welded joints, but not on the welds. The stress in these areas exceeded the maximum yield stress, but the percentage deformations were less than the tests without breaking the structure.
Análisis del comportamiento térmico de la máquina de temperado para optimizar el procesamiento de chocolate
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020-09) Rodríguez Sánchez, Nancy Piedad; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
The project arises from the need of the Noblezza factory to perform the optimization of the tempering process due to the unproductive times it generates. The objective of the thesis has been to analyze the behavior of the tempering machine to optimize the work process. The analysis methodology have been defined for the contour conditions and start of work of the machine, with which the operation is analyzed using simulations of Computational Fluid Dynamics with color scales that allow an interpretation of the temperature distribution in all the components of the machine, obtaining a detailed model. The hypothesis verification is carried out in a framework of experimentations around the machine data and careful analysis through simulations that identify the appropriate temperature curve for the improvement in production. Finally, temper times and indices are compared, which demonstrate the quality of the process.