Tesis Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Evaluación de la eficacia de dos tratamientos a base de aceite esencial de ruda (Ruta graveolens) y un tratamiento con ácido orgánico para el control de la varroa (Varroa destructor) en abejas (Apis mellifera)(2023-09) Lozada Lozada, Jennifer Estefanía; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe main objective of this research work was to evaluate the efficacy of two treatments based on rue essential oil and the use of oxalic acid for the control of Varroa destructor in bees (Apis mellifera), the experiment was carried out in the Apiaries "El sueño" and "Vilmor" located in the Atahualpa and the Peninsula Parishes respectively of the Ambato Canton. We worked with 15 experimental units, which were divided into 5 treatments: T0 (control), T1 (5g of oxalic acid), T2 (10g of oxalic acid), T3 (essential oil of rue at 10%) and T4 (oil essential rue at 15%). The field work lasted 20 days where 3 different applications were placed in a period of 8 days each. Values were recorded in the initial infestation reaching an average of 14.42%, which was reduced to 1.67% in the treatment with the greatest acaricidal effect, T2, this being the best result, followed by T1, T4 and T3. In the same way, the effectiveness margin was identified, where T2 obtained the best percentage with 86.74 with significant differences in relation to T1, T4 and T3. At the conclusion of the investigation, it was determined that in the different treatments the ones that obtained the best acaricidal results were those with the highest amount and concentration of the active principle, in this case T2 and T4 (10g of organic acid and 15% rue essential oil respectively).Item Determinación de los agentes predominantes bacterianos presentes en la enfermedad periodontal moderada y severa en Canis lupus familiaris alimentados con dieta mixta(2023-09) Vivanco Cuenca, Daniela Liseth; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadThe objective of this research was to determine the predominant bacterial agents present in moderate and severe periodontal disease (PD) in Canis lupus familiaris older than 4 years old fed a mixed diet. The study was carried out in the Veterinary Medical Center of the Pueblo Unido neighborhood in the city of Quito with the collection of dental plaque samples from 33 canines diagnosed with moderate and severe PD. The samples were collected with a Gracey Curette and cytological brush and were immediately transported in a red cap tube without additive to the laboratory. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were performed on plate count agar (PCA), the two bacteria with the highest number of CFU/gr were isolated on culture media and biochemical tests were performed for identification. In canines diagnosed with moderate PD, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (68.4%), Escherichia coli (68.4%), Proteus mirabilis (42.1%), Proteus vulgaris (10.5%) and Streptococcus salivarius (10.5%) were isolated. Similarly, in those with severe PD, species such as S. aureus (92.9%), E. coli (71.4%). P. mirabilis (14.3%), P. vulgaris (14.3%), and Enterococcus faecalis (7.1%). Finally, it was evaluated whether the presence of these bacteria is dependent on the degree of moderate or severe progression of PD and the relationship with the CFU/gr count. It was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.975) between the isolated bacteria and the degree of PD, however, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) in the presence of bacteria in relation to the means of CFU/gr count.Item Incidencia de Toxocara canis y Dipylidium caninum en la parroquia La Matriz – Quero(2023-09) Solís Constante, Karen Alexandra; Villavicencio Villavicencio, Blanca JeanethThe objective of this study was to establish the incidence of Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum in domestic dogs in the parish of La Matriz - Quero. The methodology used was descriptive observational with a qualitative and quantitative analysis, a survey was applied to citizens to obtain the sample size which was 263 dogs whose feces were evaluated by the direct method and the Sheather Sugar flotation method, 71 positive cases of Toxocara canis were identified with an incidence of 32% and 10 positive cases for Dipylidium caninum with 3%. Parasitosis due to Toxocara canis affected more puppies (<1 year) with 79% compared to adult canines (1-7 years) with 21%. Chi-square showed that Toxocara canis parasitosis affected puppies regardless of sex, with no significant difference between females and males with 51% and 49%, respectively. In the case of Dipylidium caninum, 70% represented males and 30% females, in addition, adults (1-7 years) showed 70% parasitosis in contrast to puppies (<1 year) with 20%; it was also determined that there is no relationship between parasitosis, age and sex of the host by means of Chisquare. With the use of the McMaster chamber, levels of parasitosis >500 h.p.g. were obtained, which is considered severe parasitosis. Thanks to this study, the importance of carrying out deworming protocols and informing owners of the risk of not taking preventive measures against zoonotic agents is evident.Item Evaluación del aceite esencial de paico (Chenopodium ambrosioides) como antiparasitario gastrointestinal en conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bajo crianza traspatio(2023-09) Sisalema Llerena, Juan Fernando; Borja Caicedo, Byron EnriqueThe present investigation evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of paico essential oil (C. ambrosioides) in rabbits (O. cuniculus) under backyard rearing, which required 36 rabbits of two months of age, with an average weight of 1352.97 g, distributed in groups of three, with a completely randomized design in three treatments. These were composed of paico essential oil, which was obtained by steam distillation, establishing T0: control (physiological serum), T1: paico essential oil 2.5%, and T2: paico essential oil 5%. All at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg applied only once. For the study, coproparasite examinations were performed: diagnosis, also at 7, 15 and 21 days post-treatment, by means of the flotation technique for identification and McMaster for parasite quantification, and data were collected on the productive performance of the animals. The results identified Passalurus ambiguus and Eimeria spp. The T2 treatment was effective against P. ambiguus while T1 helped in its control. However, the two protocols were ineffective for Eimeria spp. In terms of productive indexes, T1 and T2 had significant differences in relation to the control treatment, improving the indexes of feed conversion, weight gain and feed consumption, with T2 being numerically superior. There was no mortality in the experiment. In conclusion, paico essential oil can represent an alternative to the use of antiparasitic drugs, since parasitic pathologies can represent a loss in rabbit farms.Item Efecto antimicrobiano y cicatrizante de los extractos de llantén (Plantago major L.) y manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) en orquiectomía en cerdos(2023-09) Santamaría Cáseres, Jéssica Sabina; López Villacís, Isabel CristinaBacterial resistance, less adverse effects and economic cost redirect the search for natural therapies. In this research the objective was to compare the antimicrobial and healing effect of plantain (Plantago major L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) extracts on surgical wounds from orchiectomy in pigs. Plant extracts were obtained by evaporating the solvent. Three treatments were used, the first group (T1) was treated with plantain extract, the second group (T2) with chamomile extract and the control group (T3) with topical gentamicin. The healing process was assessed by means of the PUSH and OSAS scales, while the microbial load was evaluated by means of the CFU/cm2 count. Statistical tests such as Kruskall Wallis, Tukey at 5% and Pearson Chi-square were used for data analysis. The bacteria identified in the orchiectomy wounds were Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. The parameters evaluated on the PUSH scale determine numerically that the use of T1 is favorable in the healing process and statistically not significant with T1, T2 and T3. While the surface area and flexibility assessed on the OSAS scale improve significantly with the use of T1 in the healing process. Regarding the antimicrobial effect, the use of T1, T2 and T3 reduced the bacterial load from 151 200 CFU/ cm2 to 72 450 CFU/ cm2. Statistically, it is not significant; however, with the use of T1 the reduction is less, going from 166 950 CFU/ cm2 to 73 500 CFU/ cm2Item Detección de la presencia de adulterantes fisicoquímicos que afectan la calidad de la leche cruda entregada al Centro de Acopio LÁCPI(2023-09) Sánchez Paredes, Jennifer Michelle; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marcos AntonioThe objective of this research was to evaluate the adulteration of raw cow's milk from 60 livestock producers who deliver their product to the LÁCPI collection center. A milk sample was collected to determine the physicochemical parameters: temperature, fat, protein, total solids and non-fat solids, as well as the presence of adulterants: starch and sucrose, and the organoleptic characteristics: color, odor and appearance. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel 2016 were used for the analysis of results. The records of the average temperature of the milk showed a mean of 5.25°C. Fat was evaluated in percentage, with an average of 4.63%, average protein with 3.27%, total solids with 13.16% and non-fat solids with a record of 8.53%. The values and percentages recorded for the aforementioned variables are within the parameters established by NTE INEN 9: 2012 (Annex 7). The descriptive analysis of the adulterants starch and sucrose showed a percentage of 100% negative. The statistics of the organoleptic characteristics of raw milk show no significant differences (p>0.05). It is concluded that there is no presence of adulterants, ensuring that the raw cow's milk received at the LÁCPI collection center complies with the established food safety standards according to the Ecuadorian technical standard INEN 9:2012.Item Prevalencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de Lago Agrio(2023-09) Salazar Quishpe, Edgar Javier; Borja Caicedo, Byron EnriqueThe present investigation was carried out in the Municipal Camal of Lago Agrio with the purpose of establishing the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in slaughtered cattle and the economic impact due to the confiscation of viscera, the flow of animals was taken into account for 8 weeks to determine a estimated population and generate a total sampling of 445 samples; 206 in males and 239 in females by means of a qualitative stool analysis, a detailed inspection of the white viscera was carried out in search of macroscopic alterations at the intestinal level, which were the presence of nodules, ischemic areas and necrosis, causing the confiscation of the white viscera. Except for the rumen, a total of 36 seizures were made in males and 53 in females for a total of 89 seizures between intestines and omasum, which are purchased by dealers in the slaughterhouse at a price of $10 per unit, which gives a total of losses. of $890 US dollars from the total sampled population. Regarding the samples, around 50% of the bovine daily population of the Municipal Camal was taken for their respective analysis, these were taken postmortem directly from the viscera previously identified, they were transported in a cooler at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C for be analyzed in the laboratory of the "San Francisco" veterinary clinic located in the Lago Agrio canton, for which the flotation technique with saline solution was used for the microscopic observation of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes and to determine the prevalence of the population total and by sex to obtain 68.31% of positive samples; in males a prevalence of 66.82% was reported and in females 69.82 positive to gastrointestinal nematodes in the larval stage or eggs. It was stipulated that the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the canton is due to factors such as inefficient sanitary plans, high contamination by these agents in pastures, non-rotation of animals, and the continuous introduction of animals without the corresponding sanitary measures.Item Evaluación de dos técnicas quirúrgicas de orquiectomía en lechones y su influencia sobre los índices productivos(2023-09) Salazar Martínez, Diana Stephanie; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marcos AntonioThe following investigation had as objective, to evaluate two surgical techniques of orchiectomy (open and closed) and their influence on the productive indexes, developed in the Patate canton. In addition, the evaluation of healing took place through the degree of inflammation, characteristics of the wound and time; pain, through specific and nonspecific parameters (Behavior and Grimace Scale). Two treatments were used: T1 (Open technique) and T2 (Closed technique). The evaluation period was 14 days, time in which the wound healed. Within the productive parameters the following values were obtained for T1: weight gain of 5.61 kg, feed intake of 9.56 kg and feed conversion of 1.77, while for T2: weight gain of 6.23 kg . , feed intake of 10 kg and feed conversion of 1.66. Numerically a difference was found but statistically it was not significant. Likewise, for the evaluation of healing, no relationship was found between surgical techniques, since the wound resolution time was the same for both treatments (14 days), the degree of inflammation was not statistically significant, as was the characteristics of the wound. The pain was not related to the surgical technique, either in the assessment with the Grimace Scale, or with the behaviors. However, the presence of post-surgical pain was evident.Item Efecto de la eCG en tratamientos super ovulatorios subsecuentes, sobre la fertilidad en la coneja y la viabilidad en los gazapos(2023-09) Saigua Caicedo, Fernando David; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón GonzaloNowadays, the use of exogenous hormones is an increasingly preferred alternative by producers of all farm species, where through it they manage to obtain a greater number of benefits, versus using traditional production methods. In this investigation, the effect and use of equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) in superovulatory treatments was verified, on established parameters: such as fertility, through follicular and oocyte quality, serum E2 levels and receptivity to the male, in addition to measuring the viability of the rabbits resulting from this protocol through the number of pups per birth, mortality rate and daily weight gain. For this investigation, 27 large hybrid breed multiparous rabbits were considered, and 4 fertile male rabbits, which were treated under the same environmental and nutritional standard, the females were randomly distributed, in a random design, with three completely different treatments ( 9 females per treatment) and each treatment was repeated twice. The treatments consisted of: T0 (control 25UI for synchronization), T1 (medium dose 50UI for superovulation) and T2 (high dose 100UI for superovulation) these doses were administered intramuscularly. The use of eCG for superovulatory treatments in rabbits resulted in an increase in receptivity, ovulation rate and follicular growth, however, it was shown to show no differences in weight gain and number of pups per birth.Item Efecto antihelmíntico in vitro de extractos de arbustivas ricas en metabolitos secundarios sobre diferentes estadios del ciclo biológico de Haemonchus contortus(2023-09) Rodríguez Calle, María Mercedes; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón GonzaloThe indiscriminate use of antiparasitic drugs contributes to resistance to them. Currently, natural alternatives have been sought such as the use of secondary metabolites as antiparasitics, such as tannins that negatively affect the nutrition, movement, and reproduction of gastrointestinal nematodes in animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of two tannin-rich shrubs, through its application on cultures of larvae and eggs of Haemoncus contortus. The extracts of Albizia lophantha and Acacia mearnsii were applied in 4 concentrations (T0: pure extract; T1: 0.04 ml/ml; T2: 0.08 ml/ml and T3: 0.12 ml/ml) 4 repetitions of each treatment were performed and the results obtained were analyzed with the ANOVA and Tukey test in the InfoStat 2020 version program. The inhibition of hatching was evaluated as an effectiveness variable. The most effective treatments with Albizia lophantha were: T0 with a 100% inhibition and T3 with a 33% inhibition at 24h, while with Acacia mearnsii the treatments that showed the highest inhibition were T0: 100% and T3: 29.5% at 24h. As for larval survival with the Albizia lophantha extract, the most effective treatments with 0% survival were T0 at 24h and T3 at 48h, while with the Acacia meanrsii extract the T0 and T3 treatments presented 0% survival at 24 and 48h respectively.
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