Tesis Medicina Veterinaria

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Determinación de Campylobacter spp. en muestras de carne de pollo que se expenden en el cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Osorio Moreno, Lisbeth Mayte; Cruz Quintana, Sandra
Chicken meat is a widely consumed food worldwide, while it is accessible to the majority of the population; Ecuador is a country that produces and consumes chicken meat. Being a food with an environment conducive to microbial growth, it tends to have pathogens that harm humans. Campylobacter spp. It is a gram negative bacterium that causes ETA and it is common to find it in chicken meat, its study being essential in the poultry industry and food safety. The purpose of this study was to determine Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat sold at authorized and informal points of sale in the Ambato canton, Tungurahua, Ecuador. Microbiological tests such as growth at 42 °C on Campylobacter selective agar, motility, Gram staining, and biochemical tests such as oxidase, catalase, and molecular identification were performed. Preliminarily, 6 (13.3%) and 5 (11.1%) positive samples were obtained from authorized and informal points, respectively. When performing molecular identification, no sample was positive for Campylobacter spp. Finally, the samples obtained contained microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus garvieae, Enterococcus gallinarum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas veronni. Risk factors related to chicken meat such as meat conservation, vendor protection measures, and premises hygiene indicate the predisposition of chicken meat to contamination, both in authorized premises and in informal premises.
Efecto de la dosis de un inmunocastrador en hembras Cavia Porcellus sobre los índices productivos
(2023-03) Bonilla Remache, Henrry Geovanny; Avilés Esquivel, Diana Fernanda
The objective of the research work was to evaluate the effect of the dose of an immunocastrator in Cavia Porcellus, females on the productive indices, the experiment was carried out at the PRODUCUY Farm in the Salcedo Canton, three treatments were used: T1 (control), T2 (0.15 cc) and T3 (0.25 cc); which were inoculated subcutaneously with the INNOSURE immunocastrator, a first dose was administered at 30 days of age, and the second 15 days later, the evaluation lasted 70 days, daily weight gain values were recorded for T1 11.1 g, T2 11.4 g, T3 10.7 g, total weight gain of 444.1 g for T1, 456.6 g for T2 and 429.5 g for T3, with a feed conversion of 5.0, 4.8 and 5.0, for each treatment respectively, which shows that there were no significant differences between groups, in the same way the carcass yield (%) was identified as follows: 72.0 for T1, 72.3% for T2 and 70.9% for T3, and although there are significant differences in the C/B variable, the control T and T1 (0.15 cc) did not indicate losses in the experiment, because each dollar invested was recovered, a difference from T3 with a C/B of 0.90, this because there was no significant increase in productive parameters, research c It is concluded that the subcutaneous inoculation of the INNOSURE immunocastrator in female guinea pigs did not influence the productive parameters (weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and cost benefit (C/B)).
Análisis unifactorial de los efectos del despique en la producción de huevos de codorniz (Coturnix coturnix japónica) en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Urbina Mayorga, Jordy Steven; Núñez Torres, Oscar Patricio
The research work was carried out in the Samanga sector in the Ambato canton, Tungurahua province in order to analyze the effects of trimming age, since at the farm level the producers seek better production and profitability with the innovation of new Such is the case of quail beak trimming, which is not widely practiced in this bird, carrying out an experimental study in which a completely randomized block experimental design was used using 40 birds per practice, which involved beak trimming in 21-day-old birds, being treatment T1, T2 after 28 days, T3 after 35 days and a control treatment with birds without after, with 4 repetitions that are evaluated for a period of two months. The results obtained were satisfactory for the T1 treatment, which in the different variables studied had good results by having the best production in the number of eggs, weight gain, feed conversion, lower mortality and at the behavioral level had the best behavior followed by the T2 treatment with with respect to treatments T3 and C, that in the latter a lower productive level was evidenced and higher mortality due to stress factors and aggression as a consequence of beak trimming, which increased mortality and therefore its profitability was lower, including waste due to food selection with 11.78% in terms of treatment T1 which was 17.02%. With a cost-benefit difference of the T1 treatment of 19 cents for every dollar invested with respect to the T3 treatment corresponding to the 35-day beak trimming because it was days prior to egg breaking, raising the birds to the cages, which increased the stress with consequence of a delayed weight gain suitable for egg laying
Identificación de parásitos gastrointestinales en venados de cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) por diferentes métodos coprológicos en el Zoocriadero La Casa del Venado -Cayambe
(2023-03) Herrera López, Amanda Carolina; Quinteros Freire, Christian Andrés
The objective of this research was to identify gastrointestinal parasites in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by different coprological methods. Thirty-eight deer samples were processed, 16 of the samples belonged to the adult category, 16 to the juvenile category and 6 to the calf category. The samples were evaluated by two coprological flotation methods: Sheather flotation based on a sucrose solution at a density of 1.20 and Faust flotation based on a solution with Zinc sulfate at a density of 1.18. The data obtained were compiled in Excel to make frequency tables and determine if there are differences between the 2 coprological methods for the observation of parasites. The parasites that occurred most frequently were the nematodes Strongyloides spp, Capillaria spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Ostertagia spp, Oesophagostomum spp and the protozoan Eimeria spp. Strongyloides spp. was the parasite that presented the highest percentage in the 3 categories of adults (79% in Sheather and 83% in Faust), hatchlings (72% in Sheather and 83% in Faust), and juveniles (92% in Sheather and 94% in Faust). Nine student t-tests were performed for Strongyloides spp, Trichostrongylus spp and Eimeria spp parasites, which showed that there are differences in the methods, with this and the counting of eggs in the McMaster chamber, it was evidenced that the most effective method is the Faust method due to its capacity to provide samples with less sediment and preserve each parasite structure. All parasites found were classified by groups and described morphologically
Frecuencia de Campylobacter spp en muestras de carne de pollo procedentes de plantas de faenamiento que suministran al cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Toapanta Toapanta, Jeniffer Vanesa; Cruz Quintana, Sandra
Campylobacter spp. It is considered one of the most important meat contaminants as it is the cause of most foodborne diseases (ETAs) in humans, its main route of transmission is through contaminated food of animal origin. The slaughtering process plays a very important role in the dissemination of this bacterium, in this sense the slaughtering plants must comply with all hygienic-sanitary regulations to avoid the presence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of Campylobacter spp, for which 45 samples were collected from 9 slaughter plants that supply chicken meat to the Ambato canton, the initial identification was carried out through microbiological and biochemical tests, such as the growth at 42°C, Gram stain, oxidase, catalase and motility, where 14 (31.11%) candidates for Campylobacter spp were obtained, however molecular identification by amplifying the 16S gene confirmed that the isolated bacteria were: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus gallinarum, Aeromonas veronii, Escherichia coli, and Escherichia fergusonii. Finally, the risk factors associated with the contamination of chicken meat from the different slaughter plants were evaluated. In conclusion, it was possible to verify that the chicken meat from the slaughter plants under study contains potentially pathogenic bacteria for humans, putting consumers at great risk who develop gastrointestinal signs after consuming the contaminated meat.
Evaluación del efecto de los hongos shitakke (Lentinula edodes) como alternativa en la prevención de micotoxicosis en cobayos (Cavia porcellus)
(2023-03) Molina Barriga, Michael Andrè; Quinteros Freire, Christian Andrés
The ingestion of mycotoxins is a common problem in animals that receive stored feed, which damages their immune and hemodynamic systems, among others, and even decreases the animal's capacity to take advantage of the feed and in worse cases causes death, Therefore, several methods are currently being used to prevent or reduce the impact. A total of 120 male guinea pigs of about 10 to 13 days of age were randomly distributed to receive 3 types of diet (treatments) and variables such as feed intake (CAT), weight gain (GP), feed conversion (CA), mortality and morbidity index (IMyMO), necropsy and histopathological examination were evaluated, mortality and morbidity index (MI y MO), as well as necropsy and histopathological examination. The diets respond to the following treatments, T1; control group, 110g alfalfa/animal/day+30g commercial feed/animal/day. T2; 110g alfalfa/animal/day+30g commercial feed/animal/day+300mg ascorbic acid per 140g feed. T3; 110g alfalfa/animal/day + 30g commercial feed/animal/day + 3% Shitakke mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) of the total feed. In each treatment at 18h00, corn contaminated (40 g/day/animal) with mycotoxins (Zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) was administered. The inclusion of Shitakke fungi (T3) significantly improved variables such as GDP, ADC, CA, IMyMo, as well as the state of the organs at the macroscopic and microscopic level compared to T1, while with T2, the difference was only in the state of the organs This suggests that the addition of L. edodes has a positive effect on the ingestion of ZEA, DON, FB1 and FB2, showing itself as an option to prevent the effects of mycotoxins to a certain degree.
Identificación molecular de aislados bacterianos contaminantes de carne de pollo (Gallus gallus) expendida en puntos de venta del cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Escobar Aguilar, Solange Belén; Cruz Quintana, Sandra
Food of animal origin is exposed to several contamination factors in the production chain. Based on this argument, the objective of this research was the molecular identification of bacterial isolates contaminating chicken meat (Gallus gallus) sold in points of sale in the Ambato canton. The methodology started with 130 bacterial isolates, continued with the extraction of DNA, evaluating its quality by means of spectrophotometry with absorbance of 260/280 nm, determining its purity. For PCR using the 16S ribosomal DNA region, the universal primers 27F and 1492 R were used, and then electrophoresis was performed. The size of the bands was 1 500 base pairs (bp), the samples were sequenced and the identity of the processed bacteria was obtained, which were: Proteus mirabilis (36.09%), Escherichia coli (30.83%), Shigella sonnei (7.52%), Shigella flexneri (3.76%), Shigella dysenteriae (1.5%), Shigella sp. (0. 75%), Salmonella enterica (1.5%), Escherichia fergusonni (5.26%), Mammaliicoccus sciuri (2.26%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.5%), Proteus vulgaris (1.5%), Pseudescherichia vulneris (1.5%), Kurthia gibsonii (1.5%), Proteus sp. (0.75%), Comamonas kerstersii (0.75%), Cronobacter sakazakii (0.75%), Vagococcus lutrae (0.75%), Escherichia marmotae (0.75%) and Klebsiella variicola (0.75%). Finally, to compare the sequences deposited in the GenBank database, the content of Guanines + Cytokines, which are related to pathogenic islands, was taken into account; the bacterium with the highest content was Cronobacter sakazakii with 59.6%. In conclusion, the raw chicken meat sold in this territory contains a high index of microbiological contamination, demonstrating that one of the causes for the development of foodborne diseases (FBD) is the inadequate handling of the product, thus representing a serious problem for public health.
Evaluación del efecto del jugo de tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica l. mill) y vitamina E sobre los parámetros de calidad seminal en la crio preservación de semen ovino
(2023-03) Chango Muñoz, María de Los Ángeles; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón Gonzalo
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of prickly pear juice (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill) and vitamin E on semen quality parameters in cryopreservation of ovine semen. For which three treatments were applied: Tc: the control treatment where a commercial diluent (Triladyl) was obtained, Tt: Tuna juice was obtained as a natural diluent and Tt+ VE: the diluent based on tuna juice was applied. and vitamin E was added. We worked with 3 rams and 1 female, semen was extracted three times a week and a pool was made with the three ejaculations, therefore we worked with heterospermic semen. A study with a random design was applied with a 3*3 factorial arrangement with a time factor at 0 - 2 -4 hours post-thawing. For the results in the comparison of means between the treatments, it was analyzed by means of an analysis of variance and contrasts with the Tukey test in the Infostat program, the differences were considered statistically significant at the level of P < 0.05. Semen was analyzed in two stages with corresponding variables, fresh semen volume, translucency, color was evaluated macroscopically and concentration, mobility, morphology, vitality was analyzed microscopically and in post-thawed semen at 0-2-4 hours concentration, mobility, morphology and vitality. Concluding that Tuna juice and vitamin E do influence seminal quality parameters.
Efecto del ácido hipocloroso como alterativa terapéutica en el control de la población de Malassezia pachydermatis en caninos con procesos dermatológicos
(2023-03) Maldonado Reinoso, Krupskaya María; Lozada Salcedo, Efraín Euclides
The objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of hypochlorous acid as a therapeutic alternative in the control of the population of Malassezia pachydermatis in canines with dermatological processes. The study was carried out in the clinics and veterinary centers of the Cevallos canton with the participation of 36 canines with dermatological lesions and signs suggestive of Malassezia. These underwent a superficial cytology examination with Diff-Quick staining in which their overgrowth was confirmed, presenting more than two yeasts on average of ten random visualization fields with an immersion lens of 100 magnification, with a general average of 13 yeasts per field. The 36 canines were divided into two treatments, each with 18 canines. The control group (T0) underwent two daily cleanings with 2% chlorhexidine, while the research group (T1) underwent two daily cleanings with 0.5% hypochlorous acid, lasting 20 days for both groups. The effect of each treatment was evaluated by culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with the count of colony-forming units before and after treatment. Obtaining significant differences in both the control group (T0) and the research group (T1), with a reduction of 74.11% and 50.47% respectively. At the end of the treatment, negative cases were observed in both groups, with a count of less than 70 colony-forming units. No statistically significant differences were observed between the treatments, which shows that hypochlorous acid has the same effect as chlorhexidine. Its effectiveness in the control and reduction of yeasts was concluded, and it can be used in dermatological processes with secondary presentation of Malassezia pachyderamatis.
Evaluación de la acción del ácido hipocloroso como alternativa terapéutica en enteritis bacteriana neonatal bovina
(2023-03) Villacrés Barona, Elver Alexander; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco Antonio
The present investigation had the objective of evaluating the action of hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a treatment of bovine neonatal bacterial enteritis. The study was carried out in 16 crossbred male calves aged between 1 and 2 weeks, which were located in a place of high epidemiological risk and contracted bacterial enteritis. 4 treatment groups were formed with 4 calves respectively. In three groups, 3 doses of HClO were used; T1: 0.5 ml/kg, T2: 1 ml/kg, T3: 1.5 ml/kg which were administered orally twice a day, the other group was T0: ceftiofur at a dose of 2.2 ml /kg every 12 hours; the time of the application of the treatments was 5 days. The variables analyzed. Degree of affectation of enteritis classified from 0 to 5 where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Degree of diarrhea classified from 0 to 4 where T0, T2 and T3 were different from T1. Stool frequency that recorded the number of stools of the animal per day where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Vital signs; temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate are taken and there were no statistical differences in the treatments except for heart rate where T1 was different from T3. Bacterial load was assessed on the CFU of E. coli where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Leukogram, the values of the analyte’s leucites, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were recorded in which there were no statistical differences in the treatments. By demonstrating that HClO has the same effect as antibiotic therapy, it was concluded that HClO can be used as a treatment for neonatal bacterial enteritis.
Evaluación del aceite esencial de paico (Chenopodium ambrosioides) como antiparasitario gastrointestinal en conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) bajo crianza traspatio
(2023-09) Sisalema Llerena, Juan Fernando; Borja Caicedo, Byron Enrique
The present investigation evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of paico essential oil (C. ambrosioides) in rabbits (O. cuniculus) under backyard rearing, which required 36 rabbits of two months of age, with an average weight of 1352.97 g, distributed in groups of three, with a completely randomized design in three treatments. These were composed of paico essential oil, which was obtained by steam distillation, establishing T0: control (physiological serum), T1: paico essential oil 2.5%, and T2: paico essential oil 5%. All at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg applied only once. For the study, coproparasite examinations were performed: diagnosis, also at 7, 15 and 21 days post-treatment, by means of the flotation technique for identification and McMaster for parasite quantification, and data were collected on the productive performance of the animals. The results identified Passalurus ambiguus and Eimeria spp. The T2 treatment was effective against P. ambiguus while T1 helped in its control. However, the two protocols were ineffective for Eimeria spp. In terms of productive indexes, T1 and T2 had significant differences in relation to the control treatment, improving the indexes of feed conversion, weight gain and feed consumption, with T2 being numerically superior. There was no mortality in the experiment. In conclusion, paico essential oil can represent an alternative to the use of antiparasitic drugs, since parasitic pathologies can represent a loss in rabbit farms.
Detección de la presencia de adulterantes fisicoquímicos que afectan la calidad de la leche cruda entregada al Centro de Acopio LÁCPI
(2023-09) Sánchez Paredes, Jennifer Michelle; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marcos Antonio
The objective of this research was to evaluate the adulteration of raw cow's milk from 60 livestock producers who deliver their product to the LÁCPI collection center. A milk sample was collected to determine the physicochemical parameters: temperature, fat, protein, total solids and non-fat solids, as well as the presence of adulterants: starch and sucrose, and the organoleptic characteristics: color, odor and appearance. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel 2016 were used for the analysis of results. The records of the average temperature of the milk showed a mean of 5.25°C. Fat was evaluated in percentage, with an average of 4.63%, average protein with 3.27%, total solids with 13.16% and non-fat solids with a record of 8.53%. The values and percentages recorded for the aforementioned variables are within the parameters established by NTE INEN 9: 2012 (Annex 7). The descriptive analysis of the adulterants starch and sucrose showed a percentage of 100% negative. The statistics of the organoleptic characteristics of raw milk show no significant differences (p>0.05). It is concluded that there is no presence of adulterants, ensuring that the raw cow's milk received at the LÁCPI collection center complies with the established food safety standards according to the Ecuadorian technical standard INEN 9:2012.
Incidencia de Ancylostoma caninum y Dipylidium caninum en Canis lupus familiaris en clínicas veterinarias del Cantón Otavalo y su efecto en la salud pública
(2023-09) Moreno Molina, Ángel Mishell; Villavicencio Villavicencio, Blanca Jeaneth
The investigation objective was to determine Ancylostoma caninum and Dipylidium caninum incidence in Canis lupus familiaris treated at veterinary clinics in the Otavalo Canton and its effect on public health. 201 patients were analyzed by coprology and McMaster camera; which of 111 patients were registered as positive Ancylostoma caninum and Dipylidium caninum. Of the 111 positive cases, 103 correspond to Ancylostoma caninum, representing an incidence of 93%, and likewise, of the 111 samples, 65 positive for Dipylidium caninum are reported, representing an incidence of 59%. The treatment was carried out with a combination of 3 active principles that are febendazole, praziquantel and pyrantel pamoate. The efficacy of the treatment and a total reduction in the egg count per gram were evidenced, this effect was evaluated by means of t-student. 292 owners were sampled, of which 98 were positive for parasitic infection, corresponding to 34% zoonosis of both parasites. Of 98 positive cases, 93 of the cases were reported to correspond to Ancylostoma caninum, representing 95%, and 58 positive cases to Dipylidium caninum, representing 59% of zoonoses. Based on 2 age groups that correspond to Group 1 from 1 to 17 years and Group 2 from 18 years onwards, 53 cases were found for Ancylostoma caninum in Group 1 representing 57% of zoonoses and 40 cases in Group 2 representing 43%; for Dipylidium caninum there were 35 cases in Group 1 representing 60% and 23 cases in Group 2 representing 40%. The correlation between the parasitic incidence and zoonosis was confirmed by means of chi-square obtaining a value of 35.33, statistically demonstrating that the zoonosis does depend on the parasitic incidence in the dogs.
Prevalencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de Lago Agrio
(2023-09) Salazar Quishpe, Edgar Javier; Borja Caicedo, Byron Enrique
The present investigation was carried out in the Municipal Camal of Lago Agrio with the purpose of establishing the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in slaughtered cattle and the economic impact due to the confiscation of viscera, the flow of animals was taken into account for 8 weeks to determine a estimated population and generate a total sampling of 445 samples; 206 in males and 239 in females by means of a qualitative stool analysis, a detailed inspection of the white viscera was carried out in search of macroscopic alterations at the intestinal level, which were the presence of nodules, ischemic areas and necrosis, causing the confiscation of the white viscera. Except for the rumen, a total of 36 seizures were made in males and 53 in females for a total of 89 seizures between intestines and omasum, which are purchased by dealers in the slaughterhouse at a price of $10 per unit, which gives a total of losses. of $890 US dollars from the total sampled population. Regarding the samples, around 50% of the bovine daily population of the Municipal Camal was taken for their respective analysis, these were taken postmortem directly from the viscera previously identified, they were transported in a cooler at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C for be analyzed in the laboratory of the "San Francisco" veterinary clinic located in the Lago Agrio canton, for which the flotation technique with saline solution was used for the microscopic observation of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes and to determine the prevalence of the population total and by sex to obtain 68.31% of positive samples; in males a prevalence of 66.82% was reported and in females 69.82 positive to gastrointestinal nematodes in the larval stage or eggs. It was stipulated that the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the canton is due to factors such as inefficient sanitary plans, high contamination by these agents in pastures, non-rotation of animals, and the continuous introduction of animals without the corresponding sanitary measures.
Evaluación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Proteus spp aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
(2023-09) Coka Escobar, Carolina Alejandra; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Proteus spp is one of the most sensitive genera within the enterobacteria, it maintains sensitivity to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, however, due to the frequent and imprudent use of these antibiotics, an increase in the cut-off points for minimum inhibitory concentration has been observed which are statistically significant, this is due to the different mechanisms of resistance that the bacteria present and which represent a relevant problem in public health. In this research work, the antibioresistance of 18 strains of Proteus spp. was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer method for the following group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, the results obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining results of antibiotic percentage of: Ciprofloxacin: 27.7%, Ceftriaxone:16.6%, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: 22.2% , Gentamicin and Amikacin: 0%. For the second phase, the cut-off points established by CLSI (The Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, 2023) to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration, however, the inhibition curves increased with the following results: Amikacin (AK): 18-20 μg/ml Gentamicin (CN): 18-22 μg/ml Ciprofloxacin (CIP): 19-21 μg/ml Ceftriaxone (CRO):18-22 μg/ml Amoxicillin + Àc. Clavulanic acid (AMC): 28-33 μg/ml. Therefore, it was considered essential to study the mechanisms of resistance presented by Proteus spp, firstly towards fluoroquinolones, which was one of the groups with the highest resistance due to the presence of chromosomal mutations, the production of BLEE for beta-lactams and alteration of the target site or mutations of hydroxyl groups and aminos present in aminoglycosides.
Efecto del plasma seminal y vitamina E sobre el proceso de crioconservación y calidad post descongelado de semen ovino
(2023-09) Inca Pilco, Dayana Mishel; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón Gonzalo
In this research work, the effect of seminal plasma and vitamin E on the post-thaw quality of ovine semen was evaluated using three treatments: T0: control treatment where a commercial extender was used, T1: vitamin E (25%) was added to the commercial extender, T2: vitamin E (25%) plus seminal plasma (50%) was added to the commercial extender. We worked with 3 rams and 1 ewe, evaluating a total of 210 sheep straws. Using a completely randomized design with 7 replicates per treatment, the results were compared by Tukey's statistical test with a significance level of 95% using the statistical program Infostat. The following variables were analyzed in two phases: for fresh semen, an individual evaluation per ejaculate/carrier was performed, consisting of a macroscopic study (volume, color, translucency) and a microscopic evaluation using conventional techniques (concentration, mass motility, morphology, vitality). For the post-thawed semen, a pool of heterospermic semen was made and aliquots were formed for each corresponding treatment, diluted, packaged, frozen and the post-thawed semen was evaluated microscopically at 0 and 2 hours by conventional techniques (concentration, individual mobility, morphology, vitality) plus osmotic resistance (HOST) and acrosome integrity. In conclusion, positive results were obtained in post-thawed semen quality by adding vitamin E and seminal plasma to the commercial diluent.
Efecto antihelmíntico in vitro de extractos de arbustivas ricas en metabolitos secundarios sobre diferentes estadios del ciclo biológico de Haemonchus contortus
(2023-09) Rodríguez Calle, María Mercedes; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón Gonzalo
The indiscriminate use of antiparasitic drugs contributes to resistance to them. Currently, natural alternatives have been sought such as the use of secondary metabolites as antiparasitics, such as tannins that negatively affect the nutrition, movement, and reproduction of gastrointestinal nematodes in animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of two tannin-rich shrubs, through its application on cultures of larvae and eggs of Haemoncus contortus. The extracts of Albizia lophantha and Acacia mearnsii were applied in 4 concentrations (T0: pure extract; T1: 0.04 ml/ml; T2: 0.08 ml/ml and T3: 0.12 ml/ml) 4 repetitions of each treatment were performed and the results obtained were analyzed with the ANOVA and Tukey test in the InfoStat 2020 version program. The inhibition of hatching was evaluated as an effectiveness variable. The most effective treatments with Albizia lophantha were: T0 with a 100% inhibition and T3 with a 33% inhibition at 24h, while with Acacia mearnsii the treatments that showed the highest inhibition were T0: 100% and T3: 29.5% at 24h. As for larval survival with the Albizia lophantha extract, the most effective treatments with 0% survival were T0 at 24h and T3 at 48h, while with the Acacia meanrsii extract the T0 and T3 treatments presented 0% survival at 24 and 48h respectively.
Determinación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
(2023-09) Castro Velasco, Katerin Anahí; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Escherichia coli presents significantly high and well-developed resistance mechanisms towards antibiotics, representing a worldwide problem for public health, one of its transmission routes is in food of animal origin, noting that the dissemination is facilitated by poor hygiene and Sanitary control in slaughterhouses. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the antibioresistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated in chicken meat in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua Province. We worked with a total of 31 E.coli strains subjected to two research phases, the first to establish the Resistance, Intermediate or Sensitivity of the strains to the group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin through of the Kirby Bauer phenotypic method (Disc-plaque), the results were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining a CIP Resistance: 45%, CRO: 25.8%, AMC: 9.8%. , CN and AK: 0%, following CLSI 2023 cut-off points. In the second phase, the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the resulting strains sensitive to the group of antibiotics in phase 1 was determined, the results were analyzed descriptively through of curves establishing the MIC of AK: 18-20 μg/ml CN: 18-22 μg/ml CIP: 19-21 μg/ml CRO:18- 22 μg/ml AMC: 28-33 μg/ml, following points of CLSI 2023 cutoff. The main resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli to beta-lactams are beta-lactamases, to aminoglycosides mutations in amino and hydroxyl groups and alteration of target sites and in fluoroquinolones chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase occur, all of these methods developed by E.coli block the action of drugs. In conclusion, it was determined that E. coli shows a marked resistance to antibiotics thanks to resistance methods that the bacteria presents through enzymes and mutations.
Efecto antimicrobiano y cicatrizante de los extractos de llantén (Plantago major L.) y manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) en orquiectomía en cerdos
(2023-09) Santamaría Cáseres, Jéssica Sabina; López Villacís, Isabel Cristina
Bacterial resistance, less adverse effects and economic cost redirect the search for natural therapies. In this research the objective was to compare the antimicrobial and healing effect of plantain (Plantago major L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) extracts on surgical wounds from orchiectomy in pigs. Plant extracts were obtained by evaporating the solvent. Three treatments were used, the first group (T1) was treated with plantain extract, the second group (T2) with chamomile extract and the control group (T3) with topical gentamicin. The healing process was assessed by means of the PUSH and OSAS scales, while the microbial load was evaluated by means of the CFU/cm2 count. Statistical tests such as Kruskall Wallis, Tukey at 5% and Pearson Chi-square were used for data analysis. The bacteria identified in the orchiectomy wounds were Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. The parameters evaluated on the PUSH scale determine numerically that the use of T1 is favorable in the healing process and statistically not significant with T1, T2 and T3. While the surface area and flexibility assessed on the OSAS scale improve significantly with the use of T1 in the healing process. Regarding the antimicrobial effect, the use of T1, T2 and T3 reduced the bacterial load from 151 200 CFU/ cm2 to 72 450 CFU/ cm2. Statistically, it is not significant; however, with the use of T1 the reduction is less, going from 166 950 CFU/ cm2 to 73 500 CFU/ cm2
Evaluación del efecto de la harina de sangre de pollo como fuente de proteína sobre los índices productivos en pollos broiler
(2023-09) Amores Núñez, Cristian Alejandro; Núñez Torres, Oscar Patricio
The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of chicken blood meal as a protein source on the productive indices in broiler chickens, since producers seek to have a more efficient and profitable production. The experiment was carried out on the premises of the "Granja Avícola Amores" in the Tarqui parish, Pastaza province. For this research, a completely randomized experimental design was used using 100 Cobb 500 line chickens per treatment and 25 birds per experimental unit. Four treatments were used: T0 (control), T1 (4% blood meal), T2 (8% blood meal) and T3 (12% blood meal); with 4 repetitions, making up a total of 400 birds used for this research; the evaluation was carried out during the growth and fattening stages of the birds. The results obtained in the variables weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight and mortality did not show significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. However, the yield to the carcass did show significant differences (P<0.05), being T0 with 77.38% the treatment with the least yield, T1 with 80.00%, T2 with 80.13% and T3 with 82, 49%, achieving the best result. In the anatomopathological lesions variable, no major alterations were observed at the hepatic and intestinal level that decrease the productive indices. In the European efficiency index (IEE) it was observed that all the treatments presented good results among them, standing out the groups with blood meal. In the cost/benefit ratio, no treatment had losses, the best treatment was T3, obtaining a profit of $0.42 for each dollar invested, unlike T1 with $0.35; T2 with $0.38 and T0 with the lowest figure with $0.27. The research concludes that the inclusion of blood meal in broiler chicken feed does not influence production rates, but it is capable of improving carcass performance and reducing production costs. Keywords: Blood meal, diet, poultry, chickens, weight gain, feed conversion, feed intake, carcass yield. ABSTRACT The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of chicken blood meal as a protein source on the productive indices in broiler chickens, since producers seek to have a more efficient and profitable production. The experiment was carried out on the premises of the "Granja Avicola Amores" in the Tarqui parish, Pastaza province. For this research, a completely randomized experimental design was used using 100 Cobb 500 line chickens per treatment and 25 birds per experimental unit. Four treatments were used: TO (control), T1 (4% blood meal), T2 (8% blood meal) and T3 (12% blood meal); with 4 repetitions, making up a total of 400 birds used for this research; the evaluation was carried out during the growth and fattening stages of the birds. The results obtained in the variables weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight and mortality did not show significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. However, the yield to the carcass did show significant differences (P<0.05), being TO with 77.38% the treatment with the least yield, T1 with 80.00%, T2 with 80.13% and T3 with 82, 49%, achieving the best result. In the anatomopathological lesions variable, no major alterations were observed at the hepatic and intestinal level that decrease the productive indices. In the European efficiency index (IEE) it was observed that all the treatments presented good results among them, standing out the groups with blood meal. In the cost/benefit ratio, no treatment had losses, the best treatment was T3, obtaining a profit of $0.42 for each dollar invested, unlike T1 with $0.35; T2 with $0.38 and TO with the lowest figure with $0.27. The research concludes that the inclusion of blood meal in broiler chicken feed does not influence production rates, but it is capable of improving carcass performance and reducing production costs.