Tesis Medicina Veterinaria

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Adición de la harina de limón mandarina (Citrus x limonia) sobre los índices productivos e inmunoglobulinas en cerdos (Sus scrofa domesticus) post destete
(2024-08) Ortega Espín, Adriana Denis; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the addition of Mandarin lemon (Citrus x limonia) flour on productive indices and IgG and IgA immunoglobulins in post-weaning pigs. Four treatments were employed: Control Treatment (T0) without addition of flour; T1: with 0.1%; T2: with 0.2%; and T3: with 0.3% (Citrus x limonia). We used 24 post-weaning pigs of Landrace x Yorkshire crossbreed, 28 days old with initial weights ranging from 5.4 to 6.4 kg. They were distributed into 4 treatments with 6 repetitions each one, with one animal per repetition, using a completely randomized experimental design (DCA). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significance level of 95%, with the statistical software Infostat 2020. The duration of the research work was 28 days, during which weights were recorded at 35, 42, 49, and 56 days of age. Subsequently, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and sent to the laboratory to determine the levels of serum immunoglobulins IgG and IgA using the immunoturbidimetry technique. No significant results were obtained regarding productive indices in the first three weeks. However, in week four, it was demonstrated that there was a better weight gain ratio and a more favorable feed conversion ratio for T0, while T3 had a higher weight gain and feed conversion ratio, making it the least favorable. In immunology, results were obtained for T0 in IgA and for treatment T2 in IgG. Additionally, a lower incidence of digestive disorders was observed due to antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
Análisis de la eficacia del aceite esencial de té verde (Camellia sinensis) como aromaterapia en la reducción de estrés en gatos de consulta
(2023-09) Guevara Solís, Samantha Betzabé; López Villacís, Isabel Cristina
The development of ethology as a scientific discipline has allowed the development of practices that help improve the human-cat relationship and animal welfare. It is for this reason that the new trends in the handling of domestic cats lie in promoting empathy in the respectful handling of domestic cats and the generation of positive experiences when going to the vet, thus avoiding the generation of stress or anxiety. Therefore, a study is proposed to analyze the efficacy of green tea (Camellia sinensis) essential oil as aromatherapy in reducing stress in consulting cats. The proposed study was carried out at the Pet's Home Veterinary Clinic, which is in the Tungurahua Province of the Ambato Canton. The reference population consisted of 45 domestic cats. The sample selection was divided into 3 experimental groups, each of 15 cats that were in healthy conditions with aromatherapy exposure to different concentrations of green tea (5%, 10% and 15%). The experiment model applied to validate the hypothesis responds to the name of Complete experimental design by means of Fisher's test. In conclusion, I have to assert that; green tea as aromatherapy has a relaxing effect in cats based on the p value (0.000 where p value < 0.05) due to the significant behavioral changes between the results of its application.
Análisis descriptivo del sistema de producción ovina (Ovis orientalis aries) en la granja Querochaca de la FCAGP-UTA
(2024-02) Chango Cerón, Solange Catherine; Quinteros Pozo, Orlando Roberto
The production ofsheep in Ecuador has made it necessary for producers to have tools and instruments that allow them to have a better criterion of management and control of their animals, seeking to make their production systems efficient, this study is located in the central area of the inter-Andean mountain range, Querochaca Experimental Farm, 15 female crossbred Corriedale sheep from the flock of the production system under study were used, aged between 24 and 48 months postpartumin lactation, in a system in free grazing with Kikuyo, consumption of water at will and mineral supplement, the production system was evaluated, based on a soil analysis, pasture bromatology, mineral serology and morphometry of the animals, descriptive statistics, analysis of means and comparison of reference values were used, The mean values of minerals in the blood of the sheep were Urea 23.59 mg/dl, P 7.55 mg/dl, Magnesium (Mg) 2.15 mg/dl, Calcium (Ca) 9.35 mg/dl and Total Protein (TP) 4.64 g/dl, differing from the values reported by other authors, the average WEIGHT of the ewes was 41.67 kg, DIAM TOR 79.83 cm, ALT GRUP 67 cm and ALT CRUZ 65.73 cm, ANT GRU 15.00 cm, POS GRU 12.00 cm, CHEST 6.33 cm, LENGTH/CANAL 39.87 cm, that were of medium variability, while DIA CAÑA 2.20 cm, had a low variability, the objective was to descriptively analyze the sheep production system, where we can conclude that from the data obtained the production system is semi-intensive, the genotype or race maintains its morphometric and phenotypic traits, corroborated by other authors. From the mineral analysis of soil, plant and blood chemistry, we can conclude that the relationship in the chain corresponds to this production system. The values obtained in this study for all parameters can function as values for other studies in the region, production system and sheep genotype. Keyword: Production System, sheep, morphometry, serology, bromatology, soil analysis
Análisis retrospectivo de hembras bovinas sometidas a reproducción asistida por el MAGAP en la parroquia El Triunfo del cantón Pastaza entre los años 2020 y 2023
(2025-02) Taipe Guanoluisa Byron Javier; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco Antonio
The main objective of this research was to retrospectively analyze the results of bovine females subjected to assisted reproduction by the MAGAP in the El Triunfo parish of the Pastaza canton between the years 2020 and 2023. The methods of artificial insemination at a fixed time (IATF) and by natural heat were evaluated in cattle of different breeds, ages and previous births. Through a statistical and descriptive analysis design, the relationship of factors such as breed, age and previous births was determined. The results obtained a total of 193 cows to which artificial insemination was applied. 25 cows were subjected to insemination with natural heat, representing 13%, and 168 cows were applied IATF, representing 87%. In the Holstein breed, 65 cows were recorded with a percentage of 33.25% for natural heat and 81.88% of IATF, with the Brown Swiss breed the data obtained that in 44 animals 29.25% is natural heat and the IATF 47.5%, for the Jersey breed it is reported of 9 cows with 0% in natural heat and 33.5 in IATF, in the Charolais breed with 32 cows it gave 0% for natural heat and 56.5% for IATF, the Norman breed records 21 cows having 8.25% of natural heat and 40% of IATF, and finally the Mestiza breed with 22 cows had 25% for natural heat and IATF of 53.25%, which demonstrated the effectiveness of IATF in all breeds. Statistically, the Chi square test shows that there is no significant relationship between the variables studied: race, age and previous births.
Análisis unifactorial de los efectos del despique en la producción de huevos de codorniz (Coturnix coturnix japónica) en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Urbina Mayorga, Jordy Steven; Núñez Torres, Oscar Patricio
The research work was carried out in the Samanga sector in the Ambato canton, Tungurahua province in order to analyze the effects of trimming age, since at the farm level the producers seek better production and profitability with the innovation of new Such is the case of quail beak trimming, which is not widely practiced in this bird, carrying out an experimental study in which a completely randomized block experimental design was used using 40 birds per practice, which involved beak trimming in 21-day-old birds, being treatment T1, T2 after 28 days, T3 after 35 days and a control treatment with birds without after, with 4 repetitions that are evaluated for a period of two months. The results obtained were satisfactory for the T1 treatment, which in the different variables studied had good results by having the best production in the number of eggs, weight gain, feed conversion, lower mortality and at the behavioral level had the best behavior followed by the T2 treatment with with respect to treatments T3 and C, that in the latter a lower productive level was evidenced and higher mortality due to stress factors and aggression as a consequence of beak trimming, which increased mortality and therefore its profitability was lower, including waste due to food selection with 11.78% in terms of treatment T1 which was 17.02%. With a cost-benefit difference of the T1 treatment of 19 cents for every dollar invested with respect to the T3 treatment corresponding to the 35-day beak trimming because it was days prior to egg breaking, raising the birds to the cages, which increased the stress with consequence of a delayed weight gain suitable for egg laying
Bacterias patógenas en tortugas marinas: diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención
(2025-02) Arellano Sani Tamara Alejandra; Avilés Esquivel Diana Fernanda
Sea turtles play a fundamental role in marine ecosystems. Even so, they face multiple threats, such as bycatch, pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change situations that increase their vulnerability to bacterial diseases. Among the main pathogenic bacteria affecting sea turtles are Vibrio, Chlamydia, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella. These infections often present with respiratory symptoms, lethargy, and anorexia, and in severe cases, can lead to septicemia. Diagnosing these bacterial infections requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining bacterial culture techniques and PCR. Treatment includes the use of antibiotics like enrofloxacin and ceftazidime, although excessive use of these medications has led to bacterial resistance in some cases. Support therapies, such as fluid therapy, can aid in recovery, along with non-conventional or alternative treatments. Prevention focuses on maintaining adequate environments in rehabilitation centers, implementing biosecurity protocols, and regularly monitoring turtle health. Conserving these species requires an integrated approach that combines treatment strategies and regulation of human activities to ensure their survival and marine ecological balance.
Caracterización del sistema de producción familiar en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la comunidad de Teligote del cantón Pelileo
(2025-02) Arevalo Castro Morelia Isabel; Kelly Alvear Gerardo Enrique
The objective of this research was to characterize the family production system in the community of Teligote, located in the canton of Pelileo, province of Tungurahua. For this purpose, a survey was applied to 88 producers distributed throughout the community. The information collected was processed in the Excel program. The results indicated that guinea pig raising is mainly in the hands of women, with 80.7% participation. Of all those surveyed, it is estimated that there are between 4,400 guinea pigs, including females, males and gazapos, which indicates that each producer has, on average, around 50 animals. The predominant age of the producers varies between 41 and 60 years, representing 48.9% of the total. In terms of educational level, 68.2% of the farmers have completed primary education, 14.8% have basic reading and writing skills, 9.1% have not received any schooling and 7.9% have a high school education. The predominant genetic line is Creole, with 97.7%, and most guinea pigs are raised in cages (56.8%), due to their low cost. Guinea pig feed is based mainly on fodder such as cow's tongue, barley, plantain, holco, dandelion and chilca, which are available in fences, ditches in the area and other surrounding land with other crops (63.6%), of this percentage 13.6% do not have their own grass, while the remaining 36.4% feed with alfalfa and corn leaf, adding that 86. In addition, there is a high incidence of ectoparasites; lice in 89.8%, and in addition to lice, mites are also present in 68.2%. In addition, 89.8% of the farmers do not deworm their guinea pigs, which reflects a lack of interest in sanitary management. In relation to reproductive management, 85.2% of the producers do not have adequate control, which results in inbreeding, such as mating between parents and daughters or between siblings, increasing the levels of inbreeding, and 14.8% are dedicated only to breeding and fattening. Finally, 95.4% sell their guinea pigs; however, the sale prices range between 4 and 7 dollars for guinea pigs older than 6 months, which reflects the low profitability.
Caracterización y Definición del Ecotipo del Cerdo Criollo (Sus scrofa domestica) de altura en traspatio de la provincia de Tungurahua
(2024-08) Alcocer Varela, Kevin Mauricio; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
In the province of Tungurahua, the phenotypic characteristics of tall adult Creole pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were evaluated through zoometry, by determining 17 Zoometric Measures, 8 Phaneroptic Characteristics and 9 Zoometric Indices and the definition of the ecotypes of Creole pigs in the province, where Creole pigs from three cantons of the province were sampled, in Ambato in the parishes of Pishilata, Ambatillo, Quisapincha, Pilahuin, Juan Benigno Vela, in the canton of Pelileo in the parishes of Chiquicha and Salasaka, in the canton of Quero. in the San Vicente, Shaushi and Punachisag parishes. The total number of animals sampled was 47 pigs, of which 57.45% were males and 42.55% females, the average age was 12.02 ±7.75 months and the average live weight was 50. 55±1.99 kilograms. In the Zoometric Measurements, means of (LCZ) 26.55 ±3.97 cm were obtained; (ACZ) of 16.84 ±3.40cm; (HL) 9.57 ±2.3 cm; (AH) 9.75 ±2.07 cm; (LGR) 25.39 ±5.48 cm; (AGR) 17.63±3.19 cm; (DBC) 19.27 ±7.01 cm; (DDE) 33.14±7.26cm; (ALC) 61.60 ± 11.02 cm; (ALG) 66.42 ± 12.95 cm; (LC) 93.04 ±17.41; (TDF) 94.67±17.97 cm; (PCA) 16.28 ±2.93 cm; (BA) 17.60 ± 4.19 cm; (AO) 15.09 ±3.15 cm; (LJ) 33.69 ± 6.20 cm; (LP) of 33.70 ±6.45 cm. In the determination of the zoometric indices, it is determined that the Creole pigs in Tungurahua are animals, eumetric, brachycephalic because there is a greater percentage of animals with a concave, subconcave and, to a lesser extent, ultraconcave profile, they are also mesoprosopios, Longitudilinear, they have more elongated bodies, they have a rump with convex lines, and a longilinear thorax. 7 Ecotypes were found, such as the Creole pig with mamellas and a white line on its head, the reddish pig, the reddish pig with black spots, the black pig with abundant hair and bristles, the pig with few bristles and the Lampiño pig.
Comparación del efecto terapéutico de células madres de líquido amniótico y plasma rico en plaquetas contra mastitis subclínica en ganado lechero
(2024-02) Jaya Baquero, Emily Katherinne; Kelly Alvear, Gerardo Enrique
In this present study, we address the issue of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle, a common condition that poses significant challenges in milk production. The main objective of the research is to compare the therapeutic effect of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma, with a focus on improving mammary health. To achieve this purpose, an experimental study was conducted involving dairy cows divided into three groups: a control group treated with antibiotic based on antibiogram, another group treated with amniotic fluid, and a third group with platelet-rich plasma. The methodology involved intramammary administration of the respective treatments, followed by the assessment of key parameters such as somatic cell count and CFU. The results showed no significant difference; however, regarding somatic cell count, T1 was 1,284,453.13, while in the T2 treated group, it was 381,288.75, and T3 recorded 1,121,625.00. In terms of CFU, T1 presented 24.31, while T2 showed 12.38, and the T3 group registered 7.25. These findings underscore the effectiveness of both therapies in reducing subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. In conclusion, the application of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and platelet-rich plasma emerges as promising alternatives for enhancing mammary health in dairy cattle, providing new perspectives for managing this condition in the dairy industry. Keywords: Subclinical mastitis, Stem cells, Platelet-rich plasma, Dairy cattle
Congelación de semen porcino de raza Pietrain centrifugado mediante el uso de glicerol y yema de huevo como crioprotectores
(2024-08) Proaño Mena, Dayana Alejandra; Aragadvay Yungan, Ramón Gonzalo
In the present investigation, the corresponding evaluation of two cryoprotectants was made: egg yolk and glycerol at different concentration percentages, used with centrifuged semen from Pietrain pigs for both the freezing and refrigeration processes in two treatments and to see their influence. in seminal quality. Frozen T1: 3.5ml of egg yolk + 1.5ml of glycerol were added. Frozen T2: 4.5ml of egg yolk + 2.5ml of glycerol were added. Which in practice corresponded to the following quantities: Refrigerated T1: 70ul of egg yolk + 30ul of glycerol were added. Refrigerated T2: 90ul of egg yolk + 50ul of glycerol were added. Two Pietrain breed stallions were used where 6 ejaculates were extracted and divided into 3 treatments, giving us a total of 18 analyzed samples. The two experimental groups were subjected to a T student comparison with a significance level of 0.05%. The corresponding analyzes were carried out divided into fresh semen and semen applied to the treatments. Where, for both, the quality was evaluated with macroscopic tests (volume, color, consistency) and microscopic tests (mass and individual mobility, normal morphology and abnormalities in the head and tail). Obtaining as a result that all the variables did not have significant differences, however, in the abnormalities section, in loose head at hour 27 after refrigerated treatment 2 a significant difference of 0.007 was obtained and at hour 0 in elongated head 0.01 was obtained. that these values are less than the established P value, which is 0.05.
Detección de genes de resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos (blaTEM y blaCTX-M) en Shigella spp. aislada de carne de pollo que se expende en la ciudad de Ambato
(2025-02) Rubio Obando Gregory Matheo; Cruz Quintana Sandra Margarita
Chicken meat is a widely consumed food that can act as a vehicle for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this context, the main objective of this research was to determine the presence of the beta-lactam resistance genes blaTEM and blaCTX-M in Shigella spp. strains isolated from chicken meat sold in the city of Ambato. 17 samples of chicken meat were collected from slaughterhouses (9 samples) and informal sales points (8 samples), and phenotypic and molecular identification of the strains was performed. The Shigella species identified were S. sonnei (58.82%), S. flexneri (29.41%) and S. dysenteriae (11.77%). The blaTEM gene was detected in 23.53% of the samples analyzed, while blaCTX-M was present in 88.23%. Both resistant strains were found in S. sonnei and S. dysenteriae, but not in S. flexneri. The highest presence of these genes was found in samples from unregistered sales points, suggesting that inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions contribute to the spread of resistant bacteria. The results obtained partially agree with previous studies carried out in other regions of Ecuador and Latin America, where the S. flexneri species has historically been the most prevalent. However, a change in epidemiology is observed, with a predominance of S. sonnei in the samples analyzed, which could be explained by the capacity of this species to acquire resistance genes more easily. This study highlights the importance of implementing sanitary control and surveillance measures in the chicken meat production and marketing chain, in order to prevent the spread of bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and reduce the associated risks to public health.
Detección de la presencia de adulterantes fisicoquímicos que afectan la calidad de la leche cruda entregada al Centro de Acopio LÁCPI
(2023-09) Sánchez Paredes, Jennifer Michelle; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marcos Antonio
The objective of this research was to evaluate the adulteration of raw cow's milk from 60 livestock producers who deliver their product to the LÁCPI collection center. A milk sample was collected to determine the physicochemical parameters: temperature, fat, protein, total solids and non-fat solids, as well as the presence of adulterants: starch and sucrose, and the organoleptic characteristics: color, odor and appearance. Descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel 2016 were used for the analysis of results. The records of the average temperature of the milk showed a mean of 5.25°C. Fat was evaluated in percentage, with an average of 4.63%, average protein with 3.27%, total solids with 13.16% and non-fat solids with a record of 8.53%. The values and percentages recorded for the aforementioned variables are within the parameters established by NTE INEN 9: 2012 (Annex 7). The descriptive analysis of the adulterants starch and sucrose showed a percentage of 100% negative. The statistics of the organoleptic characteristics of raw milk show no significant differences (p>0.05). It is concluded that there is no presence of adulterants, ensuring that the raw cow's milk received at the LÁCPI collection center complies with the established food safety standards according to the Ecuadorian technical standard INEN 9:2012.
Determinación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
(2023-09) Castro Velasco, Katerin Anahí; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Escherichia coli presents significantly high and well-developed resistance mechanisms towards antibiotics, representing a worldwide problem for public health, one of its transmission routes is in food of animal origin, noting that the dissemination is facilitated by poor hygiene and Sanitary control in slaughterhouses. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the antibioresistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated in chicken meat in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua Province. We worked with a total of 31 E.coli strains subjected to two research phases, the first to establish the Resistance, Intermediate or Sensitivity of the strains to the group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin through of the Kirby Bauer phenotypic method (Disc-plaque), the results were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining a CIP Resistance: 45%, CRO: 25.8%, AMC: 9.8%. , CN and AK: 0%, following CLSI 2023 cut-off points. In the second phase, the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the resulting strains sensitive to the group of antibiotics in phase 1 was determined, the results were analyzed descriptively through of curves establishing the MIC of AK: 18-20 μg/ml CN: 18-22 μg/ml CIP: 19-21 μg/ml CRO:18- 22 μg/ml AMC: 28-33 μg/ml, following points of CLSI 2023 cutoff. The main resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli to beta-lactams are beta-lactamases, to aminoglycosides mutations in amino and hydroxyl groups and alteration of target sites and in fluoroquinolones chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase occur, all of these methods developed by E.coli block the action of drugs. In conclusion, it was determined that E. coli shows a marked resistance to antibiotics thanks to resistance methods that the bacteria presents through enzymes and mutations.
Determinación de Campylobacter spp. en muestras de carne de pollo que se expenden en el cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Osorio Moreno, Lisbeth Mayte; Cruz Quintana, Sandra
Chicken meat is a widely consumed food worldwide, while it is accessible to the majority of the population; Ecuador is a country that produces and consumes chicken meat. Being a food with an environment conducive to microbial growth, it tends to have pathogens that harm humans. Campylobacter spp. It is a gram negative bacterium that causes ETA and it is common to find it in chicken meat, its study being essential in the poultry industry and food safety. The purpose of this study was to determine Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat sold at authorized and informal points of sale in the Ambato canton, Tungurahua, Ecuador. Microbiological tests such as growth at 42 °C on Campylobacter selective agar, motility, Gram staining, and biochemical tests such as oxidase, catalase, and molecular identification were performed. Preliminarily, 6 (13.3%) and 5 (11.1%) positive samples were obtained from authorized and informal points, respectively. When performing molecular identification, no sample was positive for Campylobacter spp. Finally, the samples obtained contained microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis, Lactococcus garvieae, Enterococcus gallinarum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas veronni. Risk factors related to chicken meat such as meat conservation, vendor protection measures, and premises hygiene indicate the predisposition of chicken meat to contamination, both in authorized premises and in informal premises.
Determinación de la edad gestacional mediante la medición de placentomas en vacas mestizas
(2024-08) Hernández Ocaña, Cynthia Ivette; Carrillo Álvarez, Israel Salomón
The determination of gestational age in cows has been an important tool in reproduction, since a better criterion in relation to gestational age in a cow was evident through the placentomes, seeking to be more efficient when detecting pregnancy. This study was developed at the Universidad Técnica del Norte. That is why exact data were collected from 42-60 days of gestation, measuring length 1.44 +0.38 and width 1.01 +0.25; 61-90 days length 2.29 +0.35, width 1.85 +0.5; 91-120 days length 3.1+0.14 and width 2.29+0.32 and 121-150 days length 3.24+0.10 and width 2.46+0.31. On the other hand, 46 pregnant cows (151-180 days) were also analyzed, length 3.60+0.15 and width 3.07+0.09; 24 pregnant cows (181-210 days) length 4.01+0.43 and width 3.16+0.13; 20 pregnant cows (211-240 days) length 5.23+0.63 and width 3.62+0.5; 25 pregnant cows (241-270 days) length 6.54+0.26 and width 4.99+0.46, in this case only data were taken from the caudal placentome due to the gestation time and the fetus is much more developed, the objective was to determine the age gestational with the measurement of placentomes in cows, it can be concluded that from the data obtained in the different stages of gestation a guide to understand days of gestation and the normal development of the fetus.
Determinación de la prevalencia y perfil de resistencia antibiótica de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (SCN) en muestras de leche
(2024-08) Salazar Ávila, Sylvia Karina; Villavicencio Villavicencio, Blanca Jeaneth
The growing importance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus as an opportunistic agent in intramammary infections in dairy cows is addressed. Traditionally considered less pathogenic than other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has shown a significant impact on reducing milk production and damaging mammary tissues. The objective is to determine the frequency of isolation of SCN (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) species from cows with subclinical mastitis in herds located in the Tungurahua province, Pucarumí, using biochemical tests. The study focuses on the prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in milk samples and its resistance profile to various antibiotics, which is crucial for the management and treatment of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Through biochemical tests, antibiograms, and species identification using the presence of Novobiocin, the study analyzes recommended management practices and the need for effective control strategies to prevent and treat subclinical mastitis. The research reveals that coagulase-negative Staphylococci exhibit a high resistance capacity to the selected antibiotics, which were Tetracycline (46%), Oxacillin (66%), and Penicillin (73%), complicating their treatment. Through the Novobiocin test, it was determined which strains prevail in the isolates based on their sensitivity or resistance (S 93%; R 7%). Additionally, the risk factors associated with coagulasenegative Staphylococcus infections and the importance of hygiene during milking and cattle management to minimize the prevalence of these infections are discussed.
Determinación de la titulación de anticuerpos post vacunales en Leucemia Viral Felina mediante ensayo inmunoenzimático de tipo indirecto en gatos de diferentes edades
(2024-02) Viteri Ortiz, Rosa Noemi; Kelly Alvear, Gerardo Enrique
Feline Viral Leukemia (ViLeF) is a retrovirus that affects domestic cats to a great extent, causing persistent infections and even death; however, vaccination as a means of prevention avoids the contagion and spread of the virus. For this reason, the research focused on the identification of post-vaccination antibodies in domestic felines by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using plasma extracted before and after the application of the vaccine, to identify the increase or decrease of post-vaccination antibodies. According to the results obtained, no statistically significant differences were found in the amount of preand post-vaccine ViLeF antibodies where the scores of the pre-vaccine results of the amount of antibodies (M= 0.06; SD= 0.03) were higher than the scores of the post-vaccine results of the amount of antibodies (M= 0.05; SD= 0.01) t(24)= 1.52, p˂0.005, d= 0.14, d being greater than p value. We sought to identify the relationship between cases positive for ViLeF with factors such as sex, age and reproductive status, omitting the animal's lifestyle, since the samples were obtained from 25 cats rescued by the Municipal Shelter of the city of Ambato. However, the mentioned variables did not show any relation with the increase of antibody titer against ViLeF in domestic cats, where the results obtained in relation to sex showed that the difference of means of both pre-vaccination (M=0.08) and post-vaccination (M=0.05) results in males was 0.03, being the same a negative variation and in females, the means of pre-vaccination (M=0.05) and post-vaccination (M=0.05) results did not show any difference of means. According to age, the results are: 6 - 11 months before - vaccination (M=0.06) and post - vaccination (M=0.05); 1 - 3 years before - vaccination (M=0.06) and post - vaccination (M=0.05) and 4 - 8 years before - vaccination (M=0.06) and post - vaccination (M=0.05), the difference was negative M(dif)= 0.01 in all ranges. Finally, the influence of reproductive status was evaluated and the following results were obtained: Sterilized before-vaccination (M=0.06) and after-vaccination (M=0.05) and Whole before-vaccination (M=0.06) and after-vaccination (M=0.05), in both cases, the variation was -0.01. Key words: Feline viral leukemia, retrovirus, domestic cats, vaccine, post-vaccination antibodies, immunity, ELISA
Determinación de los agentes predominantes bacterianos presentes en la enfermedad periodontal moderada y severa en Canis lupus familiaris alimentados con dieta mixta
(2023-09) Vivanco Cuenca, Daniela Liseth; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
The objective of this research was to determine the predominant bacterial agents present in moderate and severe periodontal disease (PD) in Canis lupus familiaris older than 4 years old fed a mixed diet. The study was carried out in the Veterinary Medical Center of the Pueblo Unido neighborhood in the city of Quito with the collection of dental plaque samples from 33 canines diagnosed with moderate and severe PD. The samples were collected with a Gracey Curette and cytological brush and were immediately transported in a red cap tube without additive to the laboratory. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were performed on plate count agar (PCA), the two bacteria with the highest number of CFU/gr were isolated on culture media and biochemical tests were performed for identification. In canines diagnosed with moderate PD, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (68.4%), Escherichia coli (68.4%), Proteus mirabilis (42.1%), Proteus vulgaris (10.5%) and Streptococcus salivarius (10.5%) were isolated. Similarly, in those with severe PD, species such as S. aureus (92.9%), E. coli (71.4%). P. mirabilis (14.3%), P. vulgaris (14.3%), and Enterococcus faecalis (7.1%). Finally, it was evaluated whether the presence of these bacteria is dependent on the degree of moderate or severe progression of PD and the relationship with the CFU/gr count. It was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.975) between the isolated bacteria and the degree of PD, however, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) in the presence of bacteria in relation to the means of CFU/gr count.
Determinación de niveles de anticuerpos antirrábicos post-vacunales en caninos de diferentes edades
(2025-02) Arcos Cuamacas Micaela Elizabeth; Villavicencio Villavicencio Blanca Jeaneth
Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that mainly affects carnivores. For a better understanding of the immune response and the effectiveness of vaccination against this disease, a detailed investigation was conducted at Dr. Pets Veterinary Clinic over a period of two months. The study focused on evaluating post-vaccinal antibody levels in puppies from 2 to 3 months of age, which were selected under specific criteria: good health status confirmed by clinical examination, normal physiological constants, and absence of previous vaccinations. The methodology employed included immunofluorescence tests to measure the immune response generated after vaccination. The findings of the investigation were significant and revealing. A remarkable increase in IgG antibody titers was observed, from a mean of 1:10 in the antevaccination measurement to 1:120 in the post-vaccination measurement, evidencing an effective immune response. In contrast, IgM antibodies showed a different behavior, with a slight reduction from 1:38.5 to 1:32. This decrease is consistent with the normal dynamics of the immune response, where IgM, although the first antibodies to appear, are characterized by a short half-life.
Determinación del perfil de resistencia antibiótica e identificación de los principales agentes patógenos causantes de mastitis clínica y subclínica en vacas lecheras
(2025-02) Masaquiza Moyulema Rosa Angelica; Ulloa Ulloa Lourdes Anita; Ulloa Ulloa Lourdes Anita
Mastitis is a problem that affects dairy cattle, so this disease is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can be caused by several factors. The objective of this research is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and identify the main pathogens causing clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Twenty-six milk samples from the Unión de Organizaciones Indígenas de Pasa (UOCAIP) were analyzed in three selective culture media such as Columbia Agar Base, salted Mannitol Agar and MacConkey Agar and by means of different biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase and TSI the presence of Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 64.15%, coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 24.53%, Streptococcus spp. 9.43% and Escherichia coli. 1.89%. In the antibiotic resistance profile, Staphylococcus aureus showed a resistance to oxacillin and azithromycin of 88.89% and to penicillin of 83.33%; however, it was sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim of 100%, to ciprofloxacin of 94.44% and tetracycline of 88.89%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus presented a resistance to oxacillin of 100% and to penicillin of 62.5%, while it was sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin of 100%. Streptococcus spp. showed 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, intermediate sensitivity to tetracycline and azithromycin of 20% and sensitivity to sulfa trimethoprim and penicillin of 100%, to tetracycline 60% and to azithromycin 80%. Finally, E. coli showed a resistance to penicillin and azithromycin of 3.85%, intermediate sensitivity to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin of 3.85%, and sensitivity to sulfathrimethoprim and tetracycline of 3.85%.