Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple fabricado con agregado grueso reciclado y catalizador agotado de craqueo catalítico fluidizado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Navas Vásconez, Daniela Sthefany; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioToday, the construction industry is looking for more efficient, profitable and sustainable practices. This experimental study investigates the fabrication of plain concrete using recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and spent fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, a byproduct of petroleum refining, to evaluate its compressive strength and viability as a sustainable alternative. This study combined theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical phase included an exhaustive review of the literature to establish testing methodologies. In the experimental phase, 45 concrete specimens with a strength of 240 kilograms/square centimeters were manufactured, using 100 percent recycled coarse aggregate (RCG) and different proportions in replacement of fine aggregate with spent fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst.) at 5, 10, and 15 percent. These specimens were subjected to compression resistance tests at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days in accordance with the NTE INEN-1573 regulations. Finally, the results showed that the replacement of 5, 10, and 15 percent FCC in replacement of fine aggregate, together with 100 percent AGR, did not improve the compressive strength of concrete compared to mixtures without FCC and did not reach the expected design strength for conventional concrete. This suggests that although the use of AGR and FCC can improve certain concrete properties, mixing proportions and methods need to be optimized to meet the required strength standards.Item Elaboración de concreto con adición de bagazo de café para incrementar su resistencia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Amancha Zamora, Andrea Nicole; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe decomposition of organic waste in landfills produces methane, a gas with a global warming potential 21 times greater than CO₂. Coffee bagasse (BC) is a significant organic waste in these landfills, so it is crucial to find a recycling solution to turn it into a valuable resource. The concrete industry can play an important role in increasing the recycling rate of this waste material. However, due to its high organic content, BC is not suitable for direct use in structural concrete. This research analyzed the pyrolysis of BC at different temperatures (350 and 349.50 degrees Celsius) to evaluate its suitability in improving the mechanical properties of concrete. Both raw and pyrolyzed forms of BC were used as replacements for fine aggregate (sand) in proportions of 5, 10 and 20 volume percent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and compressive strength tests on concrete were performed to investigate the material properties and their behavior in concrete composites. The results show that the leaching of organic compounds from BC hinders the hydration reaction of cement particles, significantly affecting the compressive strength of concrete mixed with raw BC. However, pyrolysis of BC at 349.50 degrees Celsius markedly improved the material properties, resulting in a 22.39 percent increase in the compressive strength of concrete mixed with coffee biochar.Item Diseño geométrico y del pavimento de la vía Llangahua – Silipo – Pinllopata pertenecientes a las provincias de Tungurahua y Cotopaxi en el tramo km 8+000 – 12+000(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Saransig Velásquez, Wilmer Stalyn; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoThe road project addressing the connection between the Llangahua, Silipo, and Pinllopata communities, located in the provinces of Tungurahua and Cotopaxi, emerges in response to the identification of the need to establish a road connection. This approach aims to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants, reduce product transportation times, and foster social and economic development in the region. A rigorous topographic survey and soil studies were carried out, including Grain Size Analysis, Atterberg Limits, Modified Proctor, and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) analysis. The soil classification as non-plastic or low-plasticity clayey sand, along with a design CBR of 8.10 percent, laid the foundations for the planning of the pavement structure. Simultaneously, the traffic study determined a projected Design Traffic Volume (TPDA) of 94 vehicles/day for a 20-year design period, classifying the road as a Class IV Collector according to the regulations of MTOP 2003. The horizontal, vertical, and transverse design was adjusted in accordance with these regulations, ensuring its coherence with established parameters. Based on the information gathered about soil characteristics and traffic flow, the pavement structure was defined, considering effective thicknesses to ensure the functionality and safety of the road. Finally, as a result, the quantification of the work was carried out to obtain a reference budget for the technical project, providing a clear understanding of the necessary resources and facilitating precise planning for the execution of the proposal.Item Evaluación superficial y estructural del pavimento de la av. Pitágoras desde el redondel de Terremoto Km 0+000 hasta el caserío San Luis km 4+000 de la parroquia Picaihua del cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Villegas Freire, Lucero del Belen; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoThe road infrastructure of a city is an indispensable part for the economic and social development, therefore, the respective studies were carried out, determining that the road of the sector under study is currently in poor condition, which affects the safety, stability and reliability of the user. For this purpose, we began with a study of the current and projected TPDA; subsequently, the PCI of 15 sample units was determined and the Benkelman Beam test was performed at 9 points; the following tests were also carried out: DCP, abrasion, granulometry, Atterberg limits and CBR. Finally, a maintenance plan was proposed by sections based on track damage. As a result, in 20 years the road will be classified as a class I collector with a projected TPDA of 4,976 vehicles/day. As for the PCI, it was determined that from the 0+000 to the 2+730 abscissa it is in poor condition, for this reason, rehabilitation was proposed; however, from the 2+730 to the 4+000 abscissa it is in good condition, therefore, it only requires maintenance. On the other hand, with the Benkelman beam, it was determined that the first section has type III deflection, while the second has type I deflection. On the other hand, with the aforementioned tests it was identified that the road is made up of a granular layer corresponding to a class 4 base and a subgrade made up of silty sand. Finally, the budget required for maintenance is US $507,274.55.Item Evaluación superficial y de la estructura del pavimento de la vía Pelileo – Guayaquil abscisa 4+580 – 9+160, ubicada entre los cantones Quero y Pelileo de la provincia de Tungurahua.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Vaca Tobón, Esteban Nicholas; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoThe Pelileo – Guayaquil road holds significant importance as it is situated between two cantons, Quero and Pelileo, and plays a crucial role as a transportation artery. Currently, it exhibits deficiencies that adversely affect the quality of life for the residents in the area. By enhancing connectivity between these two urban centers, the road becomes a key axis for the efficient distribution of goods, directly contributing to trade and the economic dynamics of the region. A methodology combining both quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed, guided by ASTM, AASHTO, and MTOP standards, providing a more reliable focus and assurance of effectiveness to the study. Data on both surface and structural deficiencies were collected through laboratory and field studies, using methods such as TPDA, which revealed that the road exhibits characteristics of a Type I highway. The PCI indicated a poor condition, and granulometry and Atterberg limits identified it as composed of fine sand (A3) and Class 4 Base. Modified Proctor and CBR tests indicated that the bearing capacity of these materials falls within a good range of 19-26 and 80-85 percent, respectively. These data were essential for formulating a maintenance plan to address these deficiencies. The results underscored the need for road maintenance, ranging from routine upkeep to reconstruction. Laboratory studies aided in determining the road's composition, a factor considered to reduce construction costs.Item Diseño geométrico de la vía que une al sector Chilipata hasta el puente del sector Los Sauces, del cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Chico Lezano, Katheryn Vanessa; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánPatate is a canton that belongs to the province of Tungurahua, the predominant economic activity is based on livestock, agriculture and commerce, to support the development of these sectors the canton needs roads that are in good condition and an alternative route that directly connects with the main avenue. To satisfy these needs, the proposed road from the Chilipata sector to the Los Sauces sector will provide security and fluid mobility. For this project, a topographic survey was developed with precision equipment. The vehicle volume count was carried out on a road adjacent to the project road during 12 hours a day, 7 days a week, and subsequently the road was designed with the help of an engineering program applying the regulations in force in the country MOP 2003. Finally, the relevant studies were carried out on the soil samples collected in the field, which were (moisture content, granulometry, attemberg limits, CBR, proctor) which helped in the design of the pavement structure by applying AASHTO 93 regulations. After carrying out preliminary studies, it has been found that the project area has an undulating relief, the road to be designed is classified as class I, and through soil studies it was identified that the area has silty sandy soil with a for which the structure of The asphalt layer is made up of a 5cm flexible running layer, a 15cm base layer and a 20cm base.Item Diseño de un plan de conservación de la estructura de la capa de rodadura de la vía Pinguilí-Rosal-Yanahurco en el tramo de la ABSCISA K4+000 a K8+000 perteneciente al cantón Mocha, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Oleas Córdova, Iván Moisés; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoSeeing and understanding that the section of road studied is not in an optimal state, thus hindering access, communication, and connectivity in the area, with this technical project we seek to propose a conservation plan for the structure of the layer rolling. For this, first, a georeferenced survey was carried out, using RTK, with this we determined the dimensions of the road, in addition to highlighting key points, such as ditches, storm sewers and other sections. Subsequently, a manual count and typing of the vehicles was carried out, a process that was carried out for a week in a period from 06:00 to 18:00, for the subsequent calculation of the TPDA. As a next step, we proceeded with the taking of soil samples, making test pits, which were excavated two for each kilometer of track studied, the material obtained was transferred to the laboratory to be later tested. A visual inspection of the road was carried out, a process with which we identified and classified the different types of damage existing in the surface layer to determine PCI. After that, the respective test was carried out with the Benkelman beam whose main objective is to determine the deflections of the pavement. With all the processes carried out previously, we came to establish that the road needs routine maintenance that will help prolong its useful life, helping to maintain in optimal condition such a vital heritage for the interconnection of the parishes.Item Implementación del proceso de conservación de la estructura de la capa de rodadura de la vía Pelileo – Cotaló ABS 4+000 – 8+000 de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Llamuca Acosta, Ariel Sebastian; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoThe province of Tungurahua markets products either in the agricultural or manufacturing field, the state of the roads is important for the development and the well-being of the population, for this reason it can provide sufficient support in terms of security. road. and user comfort. For this reason, the plan generated the conservation process of the Pelileo -Cotaló layer in the 4+000 - 8+000 cuts of the province of Tungurahua where a georeferenced survey was conducted, the study of vehicular mobility, proves the two lands. and the field of understanding the properties and structural behavior of the pavement. From the results obtained, the study of the arterial road RI is indicated, according to the condition of the pavement, using the method of the condition of the pavement PCI, it is determined that the road is in good condition since its average is 64 points. According to the regulations in force, the analysis was conducted only in the laboratory with modified samples, which gave a soil classified A-2-4 and A-1b and presenting an average of 11 percent of CBR belonging to the basement Good. On the other hand, the road was built on the sidewalk with the Benkelman Beam test, which caused us a kind of deviation. Based on these results, a specific maintenance and training program is proposed, which will allow the project to fulfill its useful life.Item Propuesta de un proceso de conservación para la estructura de la capa de rodadura de la vía Mocha-Pinguilí-Yanahurco, en el tramo de la abscisa k0+000 a k4+000 de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-01) Lara Pérez, Lenin Alejandro; Aldas Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThe section of the road under study at this moment is not in optimal condition, which makes mobility difficult because of the fact that it is the connection point between cantonal capitals such Mocha - Cevallos being a highly productive (populated) area, which causes there to be inefficient marketing of this products. For the development of this technical work, a georeferenced survey was initially carried out with the help of an RTK, this determines the length, width, ditches, water passages, and other sections of the road. A manual count of the types of vehicles that circulate on the road the Annual Average Daily Traffic (TPDA) was determined, this was done during a week with 12 daily hours taken into account from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Subsequently, soil test pits were extracted, two per kilometer, and altered soil samples were obtained to be tested in the laboratory and the granulometry, compaction, Atterberg limits and California Support Index (CBR) test were determined. The Pavement Condition Index (PCI) study was carried out, through which the degree of severity of the damages located in the surface layer was identified. Finally, the test was carried out with the Benkelman beam, which allowed determination of the deflections of the pavement. Once the results of the tests were obtained, graphs, tables, abacuses and plans were made, which allowed them to be clearly interpreted.Item Propuesta de rehabilitación del pavimento de la vía Salasaka centro km 0+000 hasta Huasalata km 4+000 del cantón Pelileo provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Manzano Yanza, Jenny Fernanda; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoFor the elaboration of this technical project began with the manual vehicle counting of the road from Salasaka center Km 0+ 000 to Huasalata Km 4 + 000 for seven days, to determine the (TPDA) was classified as a class II Collector Road And the current (TPDA) is equal to 904 Vehicles / day and its projection in 15 years is equal to 1432 Vehicles / day. To continue with the field work, the road was abscissed with the help of a Garmin etrex 20 GPS, every twenty meters. To determine the Pavement Condition Index, information was collected on the failures of 16 sampling units, through a methodology, the PCI of 74.18 was calculated and it is classified as very good, so road maintenance must be carried out. With the road already abscised, an inventory of what exists was carried out such as: water passages, wells, entrance to other villages, gutters, sidewalks, length and width of the road, then the test was carried out with the Benkelman Beam in 21 stations, according to The deflections determined the current state of the road, it is shown that both the subgrade and the pavement have a good behavior. To carry out the soil tests, four open pits were carried out and eight samples of material were extracted, according to the granulometry it has a good distribution of pebbles, gravel and clayey sand, the percentage of (CBR) resulting of good for subbase and poor - fair for subgrad.