Ciencias Agropecuarias

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    Presencia de genes de resistencia a los antibióticos en Escherichia coli aislada de carne de pollo que se expende en el cantón de Ambato
    (2024-11) Gómez Aillòn Diego José; Cruz Quintana Sandra Margarita
    Antimicrobial resistance is currently a public health problem in Ecuador. It seems that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in animal production is a way for the development of this resistance. E. coli is a pathogen that affects animals and people and has developed resistance to several antibiotics in recent years. Cephalosporins and quinolones are used in broiler production and are two families of antibiotics to which strains of E. coli They have shown resistance. This resistance is mainly mediated by resistance genes such as gyrA and blaCTXM. Studies have searched for these mechanisms in E. coli strains from chicken meat, as it is one of the main meats consumed in Ecuador. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibioresistance and the presence of resistance genes of 31 Escherichia coli strains to antibiotics. Antibioresistance was carried out by the agar diffusion method and the search for resistance genes through PCR. In this way, a Kruskall Wallis test and the Mann Whitney U test were performed for the antibioresistance data, and for the genes, prevalence and a chi-square test were analyzed, with a 95% confidence interval. The results for the antibioresistance of the strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin 45.1% and ceftriaxone 25.8% and the antibiotics that provided greater susceptibility were gentamicin and amikacin with a p≤0.05. For the gyrA genes of CIP and blaCTXM of CX there were prevalence of 100% and 96.77% respectively. When comparing the difference between the origin of the sales center and the resistance gene, there was no statistical difference p≥ 0.05 in both genes. Finding resistance to antibiotics gives us a warning that the indiscriminate use of these in the country's animal production could be an important factor for this resistance. The prevalence of genes is a guide to the main resistance mechanism that could be used by E. coli, such as mutations in genes and genes that encode enzymes that provide resistance. And finally, finding antibioresistance and resistance genes in chicken meat in the Ambato canton is a warning of the possible risk of transmissibility of resistant strains that could generate resistance to antibiotics in people. However, the current data in Ecuador on this possibility is not yet being studied with the importance of the case. Therefore, studies like this open a gap for us to analyze everything that antibioresistance implies and the repercussions on public health in Ecuador.
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    Efecto de la harina de cúrcuma (Cúrcuma longa) y romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) en los índices productivos y coccidiosis en pollos de engorde
    (2024-08) Medina Vera, Pamela Alexandra; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of turmeric (C. longa) and rosemary (R. officinalis) in different doses, on the productive indices and the oocyst count of Eimeria spp, for this we worked with nine treatments, each combined according to the established dose, being for C. longa (0, 0.02, 0.05 %) and R. officinalis (0, 0.05, 0.1 %) respectively. For the study, 270 one-day-old Cobb 500 mixed chickens were used. By means of the completely randomized DCA design with factorial arrangement with 3 replicates for each treatment and 10 animals per repetition. The data were evaluated with the statistical program Infostat by means of the Tukey test at a significance level of 95%. The analysis was carried out in three different stages (initial, growth and fattening) respectively, while the measurements for the evaluation of oocysts of Eimeria spp were carried out in 3 periods (27, 35 and 48 days of age) respectively. Regarding the results, there were no significant differences greater than (P>0.05) in the production indices: Final weight (g), Weight gain (g), Feed intake (g), AQI (g/g), IEE, Mortality %, Cost/Benefit (C/B). In relation to the evaluation of oocysts of Eimeria spp., statistical differences could be observed in the intake at 48 days of age, the treatment that obtained a better result was T5 with an average of 29.17 oocysts/g of feces.
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    Evaluación del butirato de sodio sobre los índices productivos y morfometría de las vellosidades intestinales en pollos de engorde
    (2024-08) Izurieta Buenaño, Sofía Anahí; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
    The present research project evaluated the effects of sodium butyrate (SB) on productive indices and intestinal (duodenal) villi morphometry in broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old Cobb 500 male chickens were divided into 5 treatment groups, each with 4 replicates, in a completely randomized design; The diets were formulated as follows: T0 (-) (control), T1 (0.05% BS), T2 (0.10% BS), T3 (0.15% BS) and T4 (+) (0.05% flavomycin). During the entire experimental period (42 days), inclusive, in the 4 evaluation phases (pre-initial, initial, fattening and finishing), the chickens did not show statistically significant differences between treatments (p>0.05) on the productive indices (final weight, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio); Similarly, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found for the variables crypt depth, duodenal villus length and width on days 21 and 35. However, according to the cost: benefit (C/B) ratio, T1 and T3 showed a higher profit (9 cents per dollar invested), followed by T0 (6 cents), T4 (3 cents) and T2 (2 cents). In conclusion, the addition of BS does not improve the productive indices and duodenal villus morphometry of Cobb 500 chickens, although it is estimated that it shows a greater economic benefit.
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    Evaluación de la presencia de los genes de resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos y glucopéptidos en Mammaliicoccus sciuri aislado de la carne de pollo que se expende en Ambato
    (2024-08) Barreno Mayorga, Jessica Fernanda; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
    Antibiotic resistance represents a significant public health problem due to the ability of bacteria to cause difficult-to-treat infections. The objective of this research is to detect the presence of resistance genes to beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) and glycopeptides (vancomycin) in the bacteria Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolated from chicken meat sold in Ambato. The research was carried out by collecting Mamamlicocus samples isolated from chicken meat and analyzing them in the laboratory to determine the presence of the aforementioned resistance genes, using PCR, DNA extraction and electrophoresis. Obtaining as results the presence of resistance genes in beta-lactams with an amplification of the band of 162 bp but no amplification of glycopeptides was found, which means that there are different ways for the existence of resistance. The identification and monitoring of these genes are crucial to evaluate food safety and prevent the spread of resistant bacteria in the final food chain.
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    Evaluación de harina de canela (Cinnamomum verum) sobre los índices productivos y morfometría de órganos linfoides en pollos de engorde
    (2024-02) Silva Arévalo, Daniela Alexandra; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
    The objective of this study was to analyze different percentages of cinnamon flour addition in broiler chicken diets, with 0.05%, 0.075% and 0.1% being evaluated, and their effects on production indices and cost/cost ratio. benefit of different treatments. Four different treatments were studied, including a control with 0% cinnamon flour. For this work, a completely randomized statistical design was carried out, which consists of three repetitions for each treatment applied, which presented 10 experimental units adding up to a total of 120 chickens. The analysis of the means was performed using Tukey's statistical test at 95% reliability. It was divided into three stages of productive period, initial (0-7 days), growth (8-21 days), and fattening (22- 35 days). It was concluded that in the different stages, it was established that the best treatment was T3, on day 28 with greater weights in the spleen (1.3 g), bursa (2.2 g) and thymus (4.4 g), with respect to on day 35, there are no statistically significant differences between the treatments, and regarding the cumulative analysis, differences were obtained in terms of final weight and European deficiency index, with the most viable treatment being T3 with the addition of 0.1% cinnamon flour. by presenting good productive performance and a cost/benefit ratio of 1.4 points. Keywords: broiler chickens, cinnamon flour, production indices.
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    Efecto del ajo (Allium Sativum) sobre los índices de producción y Eimeria spp en pollos de engorde
    (2024-02) Rojas Chunio, Nataly Tatiana; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
    The aim of this study was to analyze different percentages of addition garlic (A. Sativum) in different doses on the productive indexes and the oocyst count of Eimeria spp, for which four treatments were used: T0: control without addition of (A. Sativum); T1: with 0.15% of (A. Sativum); T2: with 0.25% of (A. Sativum) and T3: with 0.3% of (A sativum). It was evaluated in 160 broilers of the cobb 500 line, one day old. By means of an experimental design with 4 replicates by treatment and 10 animals by replicate, the data obtained were evaluated with Tukey’s statistical test with a significance level of 95% using InfoStat as the statistical program. The productive period was divided into three stages: Initial (8-12 days); Growth (13-28 days) and Fattening (29-49 days) while samples were taken to count oocyts of Eimeria spp on days 35 and 49, for which 10 animals by treatment were sacrificed to obtain fecal samples directly from the intestine, which were evaluated in the laboratory with the floatation technique an the McMaster chamber. The best results were obtained with the T3 treatment with the addition of (3%) of (A. Sativum), finding better results in productive indexes with a weight gain of (2411.98 g) and a feed conversion of (2.08). It also showed a lower quantity of oocysts by g/feces and a good cost/benefit of 1.20. Key words: broilers, A. Sativum, productive indexes, Eimeria spp.
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    Evaluación del efecto de la harina de sangre de pollo como fuente de proteína sobre los índices productivos en pollos broiler
    (2023-09) Amores Núñez, Cristian Alejandro; Núñez Torres, Oscar Patricio
    The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of chicken blood meal as a protein source on the productive indices in broiler chickens, since producers seek to have a more efficient and profitable production. The experiment was carried out on the premises of the "Granja Avícola Amores" in the Tarqui parish, Pastaza province. For this research, a completely randomized experimental design was used using 100 Cobb 500 line chickens per treatment and 25 birds per experimental unit. Four treatments were used: T0 (control), T1 (4% blood meal), T2 (8% blood meal) and T3 (12% blood meal); with 4 repetitions, making up a total of 400 birds used for this research; the evaluation was carried out during the growth and fattening stages of the birds. The results obtained in the variables weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight and mortality did not show significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. However, the yield to the carcass did show significant differences (P<0.05), being T0 with 77.38% the treatment with the least yield, T1 with 80.00%, T2 with 80.13% and T3 with 82, 49%, achieving the best result. In the anatomopathological lesions variable, no major alterations were observed at the hepatic and intestinal level that decrease the productive indices. In the European efficiency index (IEE) it was observed that all the treatments presented good results among them, standing out the groups with blood meal. In the cost/benefit ratio, no treatment had losses, the best treatment was T3, obtaining a profit of $0.42 for each dollar invested, unlike T1 with $0.35; T2 with $0.38 and T0 with the lowest figure with $0.27. The research concludes that the inclusion of blood meal in broiler chicken feed does not influence production rates, but it is capable of improving carcass performance and reducing production costs. Keywords: Blood meal, diet, poultry, chickens, weight gain, feed conversion, feed intake, carcass yield. ABSTRACT The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of chicken blood meal as a protein source on the productive indices in broiler chickens, since producers seek to have a more efficient and profitable production. The experiment was carried out on the premises of the "Granja Avicola Amores" in the Tarqui parish, Pastaza province. For this research, a completely randomized experimental design was used using 100 Cobb 500 line chickens per treatment and 25 birds per experimental unit. Four treatments were used: TO (control), T1 (4% blood meal), T2 (8% blood meal) and T3 (12% blood meal); with 4 repetitions, making up a total of 400 birds used for this research; the evaluation was carried out during the growth and fattening stages of the birds. The results obtained in the variables weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight and mortality did not show significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. However, the yield to the carcass did show significant differences (P<0.05), being TO with 77.38% the treatment with the least yield, T1 with 80.00%, T2 with 80.13% and T3 with 82, 49%, achieving the best result. In the anatomopathological lesions variable, no major alterations were observed at the hepatic and intestinal level that decrease the productive indices. In the European efficiency index (IEE) it was observed that all the treatments presented good results among them, standing out the groups with blood meal. In the cost/benefit ratio, no treatment had losses, the best treatment was T3, obtaining a profit of $0.42 for each dollar invested, unlike T1 with $0.35; T2 with $0.38 and TO with the lowest figure with $0.27. The research concludes that the inclusion of blood meal in broiler chicken feed does not influence production rates, but it is capable of improving carcass performance and reducing production costs.
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    Evaluación del aceite residual de comida rápida sobre los índices productivos en pollos de engorde
    (2023-09) Sailema Criollo, Bryan Andrés; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
    The objective of this study was to analyze different percentages of addition of residual oil in diets of broilers, being evaluated 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%, and their effects on production indices and cost/benefit ratio. of the different treatments. Four different treatments were studied, including a control with 0% residual oil, for the present work a completely random statistical design was carried out, which consists of five repetitions for each treatment applied, which presented 10 experimental units adding a total of 200 chickens. The analysis of the means was carried out using Tukey's statistical test at 95% reliability. It was divided into three stages of productive period, initial (0-7 days), growth (8-21 days), and fattening (22-35 days and 36-42 days). It was concluded that in the different stages there were no significant differences between treatments in terms of productive performance, however, in an accumulated analysis differences were obtained in terms of final weight and European efficiency index, being the most viable treatment T1 with the addition of 1,5 % of residual oil, presenting a good productive performance and a cost/benefit ratio of 1.19 points.
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    Evaluación de tres niveles de un regulador metabólico orgánico sobre los índices productivos y bioquímica sanguínea en pollos de engorde
    (2023-03) Santana Moya, María Belén; Quinteros Pozo, Orlando Roberto
    The experimentation was carried out to evaluate a metabolic regulator and how it can affect productive parameters and blood chemistry in broilers. This trial was carried out with the administration of 1 ml of metabolic regulator per liter of drinking water during the last 5 days of each stage in which the experiment was carried out (initial, growth and completion) and compared with the control group without the metabolic regulator. For this experiment, 300 birds were divided into four experimental units named T0, T1, T2, T3, each with three repetitions of 25 chicks. At the end of each stage, the necessary data were obtained to measure the productive parameters (initial weight, final weight, feed consumption, feed conversion, mortality) and blood chemistry with the objective of establishing the liver health of the birds by measuring the serum levels of ALT, AST, FA, GGTA, urea, cholesterol and triglycerides. Analysis of Variance and the Turkey Test were used for data analysis. Thus, the results obtained for the productive parameters are significant (P>0.05) for the initial stage or T1 with these results: weight gain of 183.45g, feed consumption 213.8g, Feed Conversion of 1.16 and a 0% mortality and in the growth stage or T3 with a weight gain of 300.29g, feed consumption of 561.36g, Feed Conversion of 1.53 and a 0% mortality, in the growth stage or T2 there was no significant difference with the product used with the following results: Weight gain of 240.12 g, feed consumption with 354.91gr, feed conversion of 1.48, and a mortality of 1.33%. Blood biochemistry results showed lower serum levels of AST, GGT, ALT, FA, which indicate that there is no liver damage compared to the control group
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    Evaluación de un sustrato gluconeogénico sobre los índices productivos y perfil lipídico en pollos de engorde
    (2023-03) Ibarra Silva, Flor Daniela; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
    The objective of this research was to evaluate different proportions of inclusion of a gluconeogenic substrate (0:100; 25:75; 50:50; 75:25; 100:0), on the productive indices, lipid profile and cost/benefit of each one of the treatments. A completely randomized design (DCA) was used, with five treatments, one of them as control, together with five repetitions, with 10 experimental units, with a total of 250 broilers; The separation of means was performed with the Tukey statistical test at 95% reliability. Three physiological stages were evaluated: initial (0-14 days), growth (15-28 days) and final stage (29-46 days). It was concluded that the best treatment was T1 with an inclusion of gluconeogenic substrate and palm oil of 25:75 respectively, presenting good productive indices and economic viability. Statistical differences were presented for the final weight and feed consumption, but for feed conversion, carcass yield and IEE, no statistical differences were obtained. In the same way, the analytes of the lipid profile are within the range for the five treatments.