Tesis Ingeniería Industrial

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Análisis de calidad en la línea de producción de reencauche de llantas Cauchosierra S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Ramón Bernal, Alex Santiago; Rosero Mantilla, César Aníbal
La empresa “CAUCHO SIERRA S.A” tiene un sistema de control en su proceso de producción del reencauche, no obstante, se enfrenta a desafíos ocasionados por factores relacionados a las M’s de calidad, tales como materia prima, mano de obra, entre otros. Estos factores han dado lugar a problemas y una disminución en la calidad del producto final del reencauche. En vista de esta situación, la finalidad del presente proyecto investigativo es realizar un análisis de calidad en la línea de producción de reencauche de llantas. La investigación llevada a cabo se basa en un enfoque que combina tanto aspectos cualitativos como cuantitativos, empleando herramientas de calidad. Durante el estudio se empleó un muestreo sistemático, con los datos recopilados se procesan y analizan utilizando el software Minitab con el fin de evaluar el nivel de calidad del proceso productivo en base a la métrica de las partes por millón (PPM). Según los resultados obtenidos, los principales defectos presentes en la línea de producción del reencauche son las sopladuras con 46,03%, un mal vulcanizado (flujo no continuo) de 28,6% y posteriormente daño en las pestañas 9,5%. Con una evaluación del nivel sigma del proceso de 3.01 estando en un nivel promedio global, además, el valor de la capacidad (Cp) es de 1.001, lo que indica el proceso no es adecuado para el trabajo en cuestión, de manera que se requiera a más profundidad el análisis del proceso, modificaciones significativas para lograr alcanzar con los estándares de calidad deseados o satisfactoria. En conclusión, se ha llegado a determinar que a la empresa actualmente se encuentra en nivel aceptable, pero da lugar a diversos problemas en la calidad del reencauche, para abordar esta situación, resulta necesario implementar un control más riguroso en los procesos mediante distintas alternativas de mejoras para poder controlar la variabilidad y reducir los defectos en la línea de producción como también la devolución de esta.
Análisis de calidad en los productos manufacturados en la empresa “Texcodi Cía. Ltda.”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Paredes Andrade, Alex Fernando; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
The low level of quality control in company processes presents a challenging problem when critical aspects of these processes are neglected. In this context, this investigation focuses on analyzing the quality of products manufactured by the company TEXCODI CÍA. LTDA. The research was based on the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Implement, Control) methodology, adopting a quantitative approach. Samples were collected during a month in the labs, using systematic random sampling of 20 subgroups with the highest-rented product of the company in question. The investigation determined that the cutting and assembly stages were key points for quality control during the process. It was established that these stages presented critical problems in quality control, corresponding to the reception of inadequate raw materials and the lack of proper equipment maintenance. The study results showed that the critical variables for quality control were: inadequate dimensions (with a 70.5% error rate), and loose threads (with a 53.8% error rate). The quality control metric in the cutting and assembly stages yielded 1.57 and 2.61 sigmas, respectively, which is well below the industry standard of 3 to 4 sigmas. In conclusion, the company lacks a quality control process capable of achieving sigma levels on par with the textile industry. This negatively impacts the quality of their products and results in a loss of credibility, clientele, and competitiveness in the market.
Análisis de factibilidad para la exportación de productos metalúrgicos en la empresa Instruequipos Cia. Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Martinez Villa, Alex Jhonny; Carranza Garcés, Ángel Mauricio
The feasibility analysis project for the export of metallurgical products by the company Instruequipos, located in Ambato, Ecuador, to the city of Panama for the period of 2025, had among its objectives the entry into new international markets, the improvement of the company's performance, and the generation of employment in the province of Tungurahua, both directly and indirectly. The international market was analyzed through trade platforms, focusing on metal shelving, identifying an unmet demand in several Central American and European countries. The market selection was determined based on objective and subjective factors. The technical study concluded that exports would be made once a year, implying the need for new investments to produce the required quantity. The importing companies in the Panamanian market are organizations registered on trade platforms, with which possible commercial relationships will be established. A basic outline of the export process was presented, including the necessary requirements and documents. The consumption regime was chosen for an estimated amount for the Panamanian market; however, it was considered essential to analyze the tariff quotas regulated by the Panamanian customs authorities. The letter of credit was chosen as the most secure form of payment when starting in the export field; the negotiation terms were FOB, allowing each country to manage its own customs procedures. The financial study and evaluation determined the feasibility of the project and concluded that its execution was viable concerning the estimated export quantity.
Análisis de factibilidad para la importación de materia prima en la empresa Gemastdeplast
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Villacrés Chamorro, Steven Joel; Carranza Garcés, Ángel Mauricio
The reality of international trade is evident today, in Ecuador most products are built from raw materials produced abroad, when analyzing the type of raw material used in the production processes of the company GEMASTDEPLAST Based on customer sales data and interviews with staff and general manager, the wide range of purchasing opportunities abroad is also visualized through wholesale acquisition pages. In turn, this research evaluates the feasibility of purchasing raw materials to produce educational stamps and labels, which are the star product of this company. From the description of the process of obtaining raw materials through import, the feasibility of purchasing is highlighted to improve the quality of the products offered by the GEMASTDEPLAST company or, in turn, the increase in profit thanks to the lower price of the product. raw material, for this purpose the calculation of import costs and costs of logistics and transportation of raw materials has been carried out, from their origin to receipt in the company's warehouse. This would help the company to reduce operational costs, in the future develop greater profitability and improve the quality of the products.
Análisis de factibilidad para la ubicación de un centro de distribución para la empresa Rectima Industry Cia Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Narváez Farfán, Gabriela Juliana; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
This research project focuses on optimizing distribution costs at RECTIMA INDUSTRY CÍA. LTDA., through the location and implementation of a Distribution Center (CEDI). By means of an analysis of the company’s current situation, the aim is to reduce distribution costs and meet customer demand. The methodology used includes the formulation of a mixed integer nonlinear programming mathematical model that achieves an optimal assignment of customers to the Ambato plant and the new CEDI, based on customer demand and geographical location, by calculating the distance using the Haversine Theorem. In addition, criteria and sub criteria were outlined according to bibliographic research to formulate the hierarchical multi-criteria decision model (AHP). This model allowed the evaluation and comparison of different location options close to the center of gravity delivered by the mathematical model, and, through the analysis of decision groups in the Expert Choice software, the best alternative was chosen. By applying these models, a substantial reduction of 15.43% of the $159,409.95 valued at the beginning of the study was obtained, this percentage includes the analysis of operating costs of installing the CEDI. The study concludes that the strategic location of the CEDIS can significantly improve efficiency and reduce costs in the supply chain.
Análisis de la gestión de calidad para el área de captaciones en la Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito “La Floresta”, basado en la norma ISO 9001:2015
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Ochoa Castillo, Christian Andres; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
La Floresta' provides non-profit financial services, offering a wide range of products to its client portfolio. The internal problem of the entity is the lack of documentation of processes and outdated records. Therefore, this research focuses on determining the level of compliance with quality control based on the ISO 9001:2015 standard to initiate the accreditation process, demonstrating quality services to its clients. The methodology used in the research was the questionnaire technique for information collection. The instrument used was the survey based on the ISO 9001:2015 standard to determine non-conformities according to the entity's records, which resulted in 83% of the total. The result was that 13% of the non-compliance was resolved through the development of a process manual and updated records to improve internal control according to the guidelines of the ISO 9001:2015 standard. Each change was implemented through the questionnaire, meeting 100% of the requirements of the standard. It is concluded that the financial entity has sufficient parameters and records for the deposits area to start the normalization process.
Análisis de la metodología lean manufacturing para mejorar el proceso de faenamiento en el Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato (CFMA)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Córdova Montero, Danny Javier; Gavidia García, José Luis
The activities that do not generate value, cause waste that may be present in the processes and that affect productivity, therefore, this research project focuses on the development of an analysis of the Lean Manufacturing methodology in the process of slaughtering pigs of the Camal Refrigerófico Municipal de Ambato (CFMA), since, the company does not have tools that allow it to diagnose, reduce or eliminate unproductive activities. The research has a quantitative approach, based on the calculation of numerical variables with the application of diagnostic, operational and monitoring tools of the Lean Manufacturing methodology. An initial diagnosis of the process was made, with the collection of information, using Industrial Engineering tools such as: process diagram and analytical course, describing activities, machines and inputs. A time study was developed to identify abnormalities of each process, by determining the number of samples by General Electric and timing of the activities with the back to zero method, to design a current VSM as a Lean Manufacturing diagnostic tool identifying: the activities, the times that add value and not to the process Waste was determined as: censing movements, incorrect waiting and processes, in addition, the potential causes of waste, to propose solutions with the operational tools, proposed as: 5S for the order and cleanliness of the areas, eliminating activities that do not add value to the process, and standardization to propose the reduction of incorrect processes based on work instructions and simulate them in the FlexSim 2019 program. It is concluded that the process has 30.35% of activities that do not add value to the process and affect productivity. Therefore, the process does not meet the company's specifications and improvement actions are required.
Análisis de la variabilidad en los procesos productivos en la empresa de calzado Pool Sport mediante la metodología Six Sigma
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Montenegro Rodríguez, Bryan Santiago; López Flores, Mauricio Xavier
The research project focuses on analyzing the variability present in the production processes at POOL SPORT, with the objective of proposing an action program to reduce defects using Six Sigma tools and methodologies. These are presented in a list designed to identify the main improvement alternatives, aimed at addressing critical issues, thereby reducing defects in the operational area, decreasing variability, improving the quality of the final product, and increasing customer satisfaction. Through bibliographic-documentary research, field research, and applied research, all the information and data were collected, including the historical sales data for the period (July - December 2023). An ABC analysis was performed, allowing the identification of the most profitable product. Based on this model, information was gathered, followed by the creation of process diagrams to understand the current situation of the company and the current working method employed at the facilities. Tools such as interviews and Pareto diagrams were used to identify defects in the operational area, such as: unstitched pieces 26%, adhesive stains 20.9%, pieces with cutting defects 13.2%, poorly stitched labels 12.4%, irregular cuts 10.9%, loose seams 5.8%, incorrect soles 5.8%, and defective stamping 5.0%. These defects were associated with factors related to labor and raw materials identified through cause-and-effect analysis and the FMEA matrix. Once the critical processes (stitching and sole attachment) and potential defects (adhesive stains and unstitched pieces) were identified, with quality levels for the processes at 2.46σ and 2.70σ respectively, as well as Yield efficiencies of 83.1% and 88.5% respectively, the negative situation of the processes was exposed. Finally, improvement proposals based on the DMAI analysis were developed, where alternatives were established that should be maintained over time through the records and programs outlined in the Control (C) stage.
Análisis de los niveles de desperdicio desde la perspectiva de lean manufacturing en la empresa Renova
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-03) Freire Guevara, Jonathan Santiago; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
This research project is based on classic Lean Manufacturing wastes analysis that are present in production processes at RENOVA Company and is focused on proposing an action plan through Lean Manufacturing philosophy tools and methodologies application contemplated in a manual that allows the resources optimization, achieving a better productive flow and greater efficiency in the products delivery to final customer. From sales history between January and October of 2022 and through an ABC analysis the most profitable product was known, on which the information gathering of existing processes was carried out and later a time study was developed for the current VSM trace that allowed to determine initial production plant situation, where the present wastes were known as: defects of which 44% were associated to the machine factor and 56% to the human factor; reprocesses with a higher incidence of stitch jumps with 23.44% compared to the other causes; unnecessary movements by the warehouse and docking operator adding a total of 52.53% of unproductive time; waits mostly in the warehouse for finished product with 67.25% and inventory where a total of 240 garments were detected in season at the end of November. Through a cause analysis, improvement opportunities were established for each identified waste, which were complemented by a literature review of the advantages and contributions of each tool for its subsequent selection, resulting in the following methodologies: JIDOKA, TPM, APU and HEIJUNKA. By tools applying, a reduction in defects per unit percentage is established, an increase in the overall efficiency index of the equipment of 40.94%, a reduction of displaced meters of 72.86%, and finally, the elimination of waits and inventories by producing what is necessary in required time which brings an improvement of 77.27% in product delivery days to the final customer.
Análisis de metodología lean manufacturing para el mejoramiento de la productividad en el proceso productivo del calzado en industria Vecachi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2025-02) Cruz Chimbo Jonathan Dario; Ortiz Sailema Christian Ismael
This study focuses on optimizing production processes of a footwear company located in Tungurahua, through a time and motion study and Lean Manufacturing tools application. The most demanded product, the VCS 222 model, was prioritized. Direct observations, unstructured interviews and the process diagrams preparation were carried out to gather information on the current situation. Through the calculation of normal and standard times, the daily, weekly, and monthly production capacity was determined. Analysis of seven wastes through Lean Manufacturing revealed significant problems in the plant layout, generating excessive transportation and time waste. Therefore, a Lean Manufacturing tool selection was developed, which defined 5s as the best tool to be applied and into this application, a plant redistribution proposal was designed using the SLP methodology. As a result, the internal transportation routes were reduced by 51% and productivity increased in the following areas and preliminary phases by the established percentages: Cutting Area 19.45%, Trimming Area 12.77%, Template Assembly 34%, Location of Toe and Counterbores 6.04%, Forming, Assembly and Supply 2.78%, Assembly Area 14.16%, and Finishing Area 3.62%. Finally, instruction was developed for the production manager and operators, detailing the appropriate work method, ensuring the effective implementation of improvements. This integrated approach made it possible to optimize resources, reduce time and increase efficiency in production processes, with a positive impact on production processes
Análisis del factor de riesgo ergonómico en los galponeros de la “Avícola Pérez”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2023-09) Mendes Ortiz, Henry Ricardo; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
This research project is focused on analysing the ergonomic risk factors in the poultry sheds of the company "Avícola Pérez", in order to determine the main causes that generate musculoskeletal disorders and ailments, analysing the working conditions to identify the tasks that affect the physical deterioration of the workers. Implementing various research and evaluation methodologies, such as; the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire that allowed us to determine the most affected body areas (neck, dorsal and lumbar area). The ISO TR 12295:2014 technical standard allowed us to determine that manual lifting of loads, repetitive movements and pushing or pulling loads are the ergonomic risk factors with the highest prevalence in the tasks performed by the workplace. The assessment of the ergonomic risk due to repetitive movements was carried out using the OCRA Check List method, showing an "Uncertain and Unacceptable" risk level in the poultry shed worker position. For the risk due to manual lifting of loads, the INSHT Technical Guide was used, showing a "Not tolerable" risk level in relation to the weight handled in a single lift and the total weight transported daily (PTTD) presented a "Tolerable" risk level. Finally, the risk from load pushing was assessed using ISO 11228-2:2019 in conjunction with the Snook and Ciriello Tables showing an "Unacceptable" risk level. Based on these results, a proposal for improvement is put forward that focuses on preventing, correcting and controlling the working conditions to which workers are exposed, through the use of intervention strategies and the development of instructions in order to safeguard the integrity and health of employees.
Análisis estadístico de la calidad en los procesos de inyección de plástico de la empresa Ecuatoriana de Matricería Ecuamatriz Cía. Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Pazmiño Lizano, Miguel Ricardo; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
The suboptimal quality control in the plastic injection process engenders a 3% loss due to defects such as incomplete, marbled, and deformed parts at ECUAMATRIZ Cía. Ltda. This directly translates into diminished product reliability and potentially dissatisfied clientele. To address this impact, a statistical analysis of quality in this process was developed. A quantitative and descriptive approach based on Six Sigma and DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) was employed. For definition, data was collected through records and Pareto diagrams. For measurement, 100% sampling, R&R studies, and control charts were utilized. The analysis identified root causes using Ishikawa diagrams and the 5 Whys method. For improvement and control, the FMEA matrix was implemented, determining the most significant root cause and developing proposals with experienced personnel. The analysis of P control charts for attributes revealed unstable processes for marbling (5.5%), incomplete parts (0%), and deformation (2.7%), with sigma levels of 1.99, 2.06, and 2.64 respectively, evidencing deficient statistical control and high variability. The root causes were identified as lack of preventive maintenance, absence of records and control of critical parameters (temperature, pressure, injection speed, among others), lack of cleaning procedures, and insufficient personnel training. It was concluded that the plastic injection process exhibits a low level of quality and control, operating below globally required standards, representing an annual loss of 1.98% in terms of defects, reprocessing, and waste.
Aplicación de herramientas lean manufacturing en el Taller de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico FISEI
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Calapaqui Panoluisa, Nathaly Nicole; Ureña Aguirre, Jeanette del Pilar
This research proposes introduction of Lean Manufacturing methodology in the facilities of the FISEI Workshop to reduce generated waste on its areas. To achieve the general objective of improving the internal conditions of the FISEI Workshop based on the development of lean manufacturing methodology, three stages were carried out: first, a process mapping was conducted to establish the internal activities of workshop, identifying waste classified as waiting times, excess inventory, unnecessary processes, and unused talent generated because arbitrary work. Second, using weighted factors method, 5S methodology was selected to improve internal conditions of plant based on the identified waste, implementing changes according to use of red cards that allowed carrying out all proposed actions. Finally, the sequence of activities of processes in FISEI Workshop was established through development of work instructions. It was concluded that the company improved order and cleanliness conditions under the principle of eliminating unnecessary objects and through delegation by the Committee which conducts periodic audits to ensure compliance with the standardization of 5S methodology.
Arquitectura Rami 4.0 para robots colaborativos en entornos industriales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Suárez Cadena, Paúl Sebastián; García Sánchez, Marcelo Vladimir
Balanced score card para el GAD municipal del cantón Salcedo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Naranjo Coque, Erick Fabricio; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
The main challenge lies in the lack of management indicators in the Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Government of Salcedo, which restricts the ability to evaluate its institutional performance. The objective of this study is to implement the Balanced Score Card matrix in the entity, addressing the essential perspectives. To this end, a quantitative approach was adopted, involving the collection and analysis of statistical data, as well as an exhaustive bibliographic review to obtain updated and accurate information. In addition, field research was conducted involving interviews with the director of the Administrative Directorate and key officials, along with surveys and direct observation at the GAD's facilities. This methodology made it possible to obtain relevant data on institutional processes and staff perceptions. The results obtained through surveys directed to 13 officials highlight that 54% of the respondents identify deficiencies in the processes, 85% point out the lack of management indicators and function manuals, and 46% consider the BSC to be effective in improving decision-making. Seventeen management indicators are derived from the literature research, covering customer, financial, internal processes, and learning perspectives. In conclusion, the implementation of the BSC will allow for more informed decision-making and effective monitoring of institutional performance, which will facilitate immediate intervention in the event of deviations in the indicators. This will contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the institution in achieving its objectives.
Cálculo del costo beneficio de un sistema de prevención de riesgos ergonómicos en estibadores de la empresa pública - empresa municipal mercado Mayorista Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Industrial, 2023-03) Saransig Tontaquimba, Christian Javier; Larrea Bustos, Anita Lucia
Workers in the Ambato wholesale market are exposed to different types of risks in the work performed in the development of their activities, especially those that require manual handling of loads. The most common risks and of particular interest are ergonomic, this is due to lifting, transporting, pushing and pulling loads manually, repetitive movements, application of force, postures and forced movements; all these factors cause different disorders in the health of workers. Therefore, the focus of the research study is the calculation of the cost-benefit of a system of ergonomic risk prevention in stevedores of the Public Company - Municipal Company Wholesale Market Ambato, to avoid muscular injuries in the future. Using the technique of direct observation and the new Ergonomics document ISO TR 12295:2014, ergonomic risks were identified in the workstations of warehouse D (tender grains). Subsequently, three stevedores, one for each task, were evaluated using the RULA method, which showed that 100% of the workers urgently needed a change in their tasks. The cost of a prevention proposal was calculated using diffusion instruments and compared with the cost of medical treatment for a longshoreman with musculoskeletal disorders. As a proposed solution, a matrix was developed with ergonomic recommendations based on international standards that seek the comfort of workers in the manual handling of loads. In addition, didactic tools were developed: informative posters, triptych and safe procedure sheets to inform dockworkers about the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders
La calidad fitosanitaria en las flores de exportación de la empresa Sisa Green Flowers
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Changoluisa Calapaqui, Francis Alfonso; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
Phytosanitary quality control in export products is fundamental to ensure customer satisfaction and product quality, therefore, this research focused on evaluating the performance of quality control during lot inspection at SISA GREEN FLOWERS. The research applied the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) methodology with a quantitative approach to address the quality problem. The problem was defined using Pareto diagrams, brainstorming and flow charts. Measurement developed systematic sampling to generate 135 subgroups to develop control charts of critical variables. The analysis used Ishikawa diagrams and 5W technique. Finally, the proposed improvement seeks to solve the root cause of defective product acceptance. Quality defects were analyzed using critical quality variables (CTQ's). Consequently, the results of the study show that the defect "presence of mites" presents problems with the variable "compliance with phytosanitary protocols for mites" because it showed a level of 0.6291 sigma. The defect "affections by thrips" was evaluated integrally, obtaining 0.7067 sigma. As for defects related to "stem deterioration", the variable "stem appearance" was identified as having a level of 0.7204 sigma. All variables generate out-of-specification products. Finally, the quality level turns out to be very low, affecting the company's reputation and generating possible significant financial losses, estimated at around $4137,13 for each shipment of products to customers abroad.
Condiciones de trabajo en ambientes térmicos fríos en la empresa “Proalimec Cia. Ltda.”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Larrea Galeano, Christian Hernán; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
People who work in refrigeration rooms are at risk of contracting thermal stress due to cold, causing negative health effects such as trench foot, Raynaud's phenomenon, hypothermia, frostbite, and local damage to the body. Under this problematic context, the research objective was to evaluate thermal stress due to cold in production personnel who work in cold rooms of the company “PROALIMEC CIA. LTDA.” The evaluation of thermal stress due to cold was based on the methodology of the UNE - EN ISO 11079 standard. An anemometer (AR856) and a thermal stress meter (SPERT SCIENTIFIC) were used to determine thermohydrometric variables as stipulated in the UNE - EN ISO 7726 standard; in addition, the estimation of the metabolic consumption of the workers was determined using the UNE - EN ISO 8996 standard; finally, the calculation of the IREQ index was established through the required insulation of clothing and the maximum time of exposure to cold in an 8-hour workday. The study used a quantitative approach through descriptive research. It was determined that the average working ambient temperature in the refrigeration rooms 1-2 and 3 are -1,1 °C and -1,8 °C, the average globe temperature is -2,9 °C and -3,9 °C, the average relative humidity is 42,2% and 48,4%, the wind speed is 0 m/s, and the average metabolic rate of the operating personnel is 165,39 W/m2. It is concluded that based on the results obtained from the IREQ index, workers have no risk of contracting cold stress and have thermally sufficient clothing to avoid frostbite.
Confort térmico en el ambiente laboral del edificio centro del GAD Municipalidad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Jiménez Gamboa, David Alberto; Urrutia Urrutia, Fernando
The present investigative study is the evaluation of the thermal comfort in the areas with more risks of the GADMA Center Building. To analyze the current working conditions, observation and identification matrices and a survey with questions based on ISO 10551 AENOR 2002 are used, with which it is possible to identify which are the areas with the highest risk. The Fanger method (NTP 074) is used, it allows to evaluate the temperature, taking into account the temperature levels, work clothes and the metabolic rate, all of this to calculate the estimated average voting index (PMV) and the percentage of people who are dissatisfied (PPD), these data are compared with values recommended by executive decree 2393 and the UNEEN ISO 7730/2006 standard. The measurements are made using the Delta Ohm HD 32.3 equipment, with the Delta Log 10 software the calculations are developed following the measurement strategies proposed in the NTP 387, since an improvement proposal is made that can be implemented in real life. The PMV index indicates the thermal perception of the workers with a scale of 7 levels (+3 and -3), the work areas with the highest risk are not within the established range, it presents 7 jobs that represent 33% of The 21 jobs analyzed present a neutral thermal sensation, which indicates that the thermal conditions are acceptable (-1≤PMV≤0), 12 jobs, corresponding to 57%, present a slightly cold sensation (-2≤PMV≤-1). ) and 10% corresponding to 2 positions have a warm sensation (3≥PMV≥2), concluding that there is THERMAL DISCOMFORT due to heat and cold.
Control de calidad en los procesos de confección de ropa interior de la corporación Impactex Cía. Ltda.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Manobanda Chuquicondor, Ángel Darío; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
El bajo control de calidad en la confección de ropa interior genera grandes pérdidas económicas para las empresas de esta rama productiva, por lo cual, la investigación se centró en evaluar el desempeño de control de calidad en los procesos de confección de ropa interior de la Corporación Impactex Cía. Ltda. El estudio utilizó una investigación descriptiva y un enfoque cuantitativo basado en la metodología Six Sigma y su herramienta DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analizar, Mejorar y Controlar). En la fase de definir, se empleó técnicas como lluvia de ideas, 5W-2H y diagrama de Pareto. La etapa de medir implementó un muestreo sistemático del 100% de los productos en un periodo de 15 días. El análisis se realizó mediante el diagrama de Ishikawa, los 5 por qué y el AMEF. Y finalmente, en la fase de mejora se utilizó la herramienta 5W-1H para la propuesta de control. Los resultados arrojan que los defectos de "fallas de costura" y "manchas de aceite" son los principales responsables de ocasionar variabilidad en la producción (49,7% y 25,2%, respectivamente). Esto se atribuyó a la falta de capacitación en técnicas de costura, rotación frecuente del personal, carencia de mantenimiento preventivo en las máquinas de coser y ausencia de protocolos de limpieza. Además, el análisis Six Sigma reveló que el proceso está fuera de control estadístico, con 36151 PPM fuera de especificaciones y un nivel sigma de 1,8 para fallas de costura, y 5837 PPM fuera de especificaciones con un nivel sigma de 2,52 para manchas de aceite. Se concluye que el proceso de confección de ropa interior presenta un bajo control estadístico de calidad en su confección, debido a que el nivel sigma actual de la empresa está por debajo de lo recomendado para la industria textil que deberían estar de 3 a 4 sigmas.