Maestría en Ciencias Biomédicas

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C a t e g o r i z a c i ó n d e l b i o t i p o y e s t a d o n u t r i c i o n a l e n p a c i e n t e s d i a g n o s t i c a d o s d e h i p o t i r o i d i s m o
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-09-01) Mesías Molina, Lucetty Yoled, Md.; Marizande Lozada, María Fernanda; Mg.
Introduction: Knowing the biotype of a person is important, because it allows identifying specific characteristics of each human being, this contributes to planning their diet, lifestyle, and in case of having any disease, establish activities that reduce the morbidity of people. Objective: to identify investigations related to the categorization of the biotype and nutritional status in patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism supported by systematic reviews. Methodology: it was qualitative, descriptive under a systematic review research design, under certain inclusion criteria. Results: in the review developed, the main findings were that both men and women presented hypothyroidism, with a higher prevalence in women and in the age group of the adult population, since the average age was 40.7 years. Under the characteristics of weight, BMI and body fat, it was determined that the study group presented overweight and obesity and therefore, they are located in the endomorphic biotype. T3 values are directly related to weight, while it is indirectly related to cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusions: The idea to be defended allows determining that the hypothyroidism and biotype of a person significantly affects their nutritional status, under these criteria, it is important to determine a self-care guide that contributes to patients with hypothyroidism to bring a better quality of life, depending on their food process and their specific biotype.
Ciclo de Kolb y enfoques complejos para el aprendizaje de la gestión de calidad en la docencia de la Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Calahorrano Mayorga Lcda., Patricia Elizabeth; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia Mg. BQF.
Kolb's learning model is one of the best-known learning style theories given that its causal factors: genetics, life experiences and the demands of the environment, all based on quality control in the clinical laboratory Objective: To develop a pedagogical and didactic strategy based on the Kolb Cycle and complex approaches for learning quality management in theClinical Laboratory career. Methods and Materials: A work was developed based on a longitudinal and prospective observational explanatory study. The strategy will be developed considering the students who are in the seventh semester of the Clinical Laboratory Career of the Technical University of Ambato in the period from May 1 2022, to August 31, 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. It is articulated to the research project EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF THE CLINICAL LABORATORIES OF THE CANTON AMBATO AND PROPOSAL OF A SERVICE OPTIMIZATION PLAN. Results: It is possible to identify the learning styles according to Kolb applied to the students of the seventh semester of the Clinical Laboratory career in the quality management module II, the results show that 57% have a divergent learning style, followed by 29% with convergent learning style, 14% have an assimilating learning style and 0% have an accommodating learning style. According to the results, we can indicate that the vast majority of students have a divergent learning style which is the result of the combination of the capacities of concrete experience (EC) and reflective observation (OR). These students stand out because they 9 tend to consider concrete situations from different perspectives, they like to observe and they have a great facility for the production of ideas. Conclusion: A pedagogical strategy was developed for learning quality management in the Clinical Laboratory Career, based on five stages: • Stage N 1 Strategic planning • Stage N 2 Plan integrated analysis activities with teachers to improve quality control teaching, in an integrated and participatory manner. • Stage N 3 Execution of the basic processes associated with learning in relation to quality • Stage N 4 Evaluate the process – Heteroevaluation – Self-evaluation – Co-evaluation • Stage N 5 Develop training activities, aimed at strengthening knowledge in the area of quality. The predominant learning style in seventh semester students of the Clinical Laboratory Career is the Divergent style. The efficiency indicators identified were aimed at evaluating the level of satisfaction of the staff that is going to be part of the training plan, the opportunity of the resources used, and the evaluation of the activities in the foreseen time.
Desarrollo de una estrategia de prevención de malnutrición infantil fundamentada en la evaluación estandarizada a través de métodos de antropometría y bioimpedancia
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Ron Mora, Álvaro Sebastián Md.; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PhD.
Introduction: The increase in weight has occurred in recent decades at an increasing rate affecting individuals regardless of sex, ethnicity, age, or socioeconomic status; overweight and obesity are defined as an excessive increase in body adiposity, which in turn is related to a wide spectrum of chronic noncommunicable diseases that generate a great overload in health systems. Objective: To develop a strategy for prevention of child malnutrition based on standardized assessment through anthropometry and bioimpedance methods. Methodology: a descriptive, prospective, and longitudinal research is developed, based on a theoretical systematization of nutritional processes in the infant's age group. Results: It is necessary to have early diagnostic instruments that present a low technical complexity and reduced cost to evaluate the populations with the highest risk factor, thus reducing the progression of the disease and the establishment of complications, specifically in the child, the body mass index is an instrument that presents limitations to evaluate the percentage of body fat, to be complemented with the evaluation of body composition by electrical impedance, supplements these, improving their diagnostic capabilities. Conclusions: The strategy for the prevention of overweight and obesity designed, based on the analysis of body composition by electrical impedance in school-age children, taking into account that this diagnostic method allows to know the components of the human body and express it in percentages, in the same way it is possible to locate children with excess adiposity even when the body mass index determines a state of normality in the subjects evaluated
Desarrollo de una estrategia didáctica con enfoques complejos para el aprendizaje de las ciencias biomédicas básicas
(2025-04-01) Arana Chamorro, Michelle Paulette; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
This study focuses on the design and implementation of an innovative educational strategy to strengthen the learning of the preanalytical phase in clinical laboratory students in their first semester at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Recognizing the importance of the preanalytical phase in diagnostic accuracy and the fact that errors in this stage can exceed 70%, the aim of this research was to integrate dynamic teaching methods to address the limitations of traditional approaches. To develop the study, a methodology based on gamification, active learning, and problembased learning (PBL) was implemented, combining practical activities with theoretical elements to foster deep and contextualized learning. A pre-test and post-test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy in a group of 34 students. The statistical analysis results showed significant progress in acquiring competencies related to patient identification, sample handling, and preventing critical errors in the preanalytical phase. Additionally, a reduction in the learning gaps among the participants was observed. The pedagogical intervention proved effective not only in improving theoretical knowledge but also in developing practical skills that are essential for high-quality professional training. This integrative educational model promotes equity in learning and provides students with tools to face clinical challenges, emphasizing the importance of active methodologies in the training of health professionals.
Desarrollo de una estrategia didáctica para la independencia cognoscitiva en las ciencias básicas medicas
(2025-04-04) Paredes González, Kevin Fabian; Leiva Suero, Lizette Elena; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
Intellectual autonomy is essential in the complete education of Medical Sciences students, as it promotes critical and autonomous learning essential for clinical practice. It facilitates detailed understanding of scientific concepts, solving complicated problems and adapting to technological advances in medicine. Although innovative tactics are encouraged in advanced nations to enhance this skill, conventional education prevails in South America, impacting creativity and work performance. The relationship between teacher and student needs to be modified to focus learning on the student and encourage educational tactics that foster comprehensive skills, creativity, and excellence in teaching. This implies assessing the current degree of autonomy and proposing effective improvements. The objective of this work is to design a teaching strategy based on scientific evidence that allows developing cognitive independence in students who take the subject of Anatomy of the Medicine degree as results, students who develop cognitive independence develop personal skills that allow them to perform with excellence in the theoretical field and present a confident development in the analysis of clinical cases, whether in the university or hospital setting. It is concluded that these tactics They integrate conventional pedagogy with revolutionary education, adapting learning in real and simulated contexts. Its implementation promotes independent and cooperative work, positively affecting the teaching-learning process and excellence in the academic field.
Estrategia de aprendizaje por competencias para la gestión de calidad de laboratorio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Medina Astudillo, Auri Jacqueline Lcda; Martínez García Ing. Mg., Diana Nancy
The work topic Competency-based Learning Strategy for Laboratory Quality Management, due to the lack of knowledge of second semester clinical laboratory students about this way of learning, the general objective was to develop a competency-based learning strategy for quality management of clinical laboratories, we worked on three specific objectives which were to identify processes and procedures, develop a pedagogical and didactic strategy and establish indicators of effectiveness for learning quality management in the clinical laboratory, we worked on the theoretical framework to analyze the criteria of authors on the subject, The methodology used was the explanatorydescriptive research of transversal cut, we worked with 20 students of second semester of the clinical laboratory career, the results allowed to generate a diagram of clinical laboratory processes, also the diagrams of processes of the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases were made, also the general and specific competences on quality in the clinical laboratory were identified, with these results the proposal titled Didactic strategies with approach by competences for the learning of quality management was elaborated. The main conclusion was, a pedagogical and didactic strategy was designed with a competency-based approach for learning quality management, the pedagogical strategy was the use of ICT, and as a didactic resource the video conference that allows effective communication, the general competence was to perform analytical studies of biological samples, the specific ones were to obtain biological samples, ensure the quality of the analytical process, prepare the sample for analysis and validate the results.
Estrategia de perfeccionamiento curricular en las prácticas pre profesionales de la carrera de medicina a partir de la integración con las ciencias básicas biomédicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12) Verónica Gabriela, Salinas Velastegui Md.; Leiva Suero, Lizette Elena Dra. PhD.
Pre-professional practices are an essential component in the training of higher education students and particularly in the Medicine Career, they are conceived as the bridge between academic training and care practice, with this we consider the culmination of the career with a harmonious teaching-learning process that guarantees the knowledge, skills and abilities required by future health professionals. Pre-professional practices in the field of Medicine are carried out under the name of Rotating Internship Program, this program is made up of 52 calendar weeks, without vacations or holidays, divided into 5 rotations: 3 rotations of 10 weeks and 2 rotations of 11 weeks respectively, thus allowing 5 modules to be passed, which are: pediatrics, community medicine, internal medicine, surgery and gynecology/obstetrics. The total number of hours to complete is 4160 hours at the end of the rotating internship year, equivalent to 80 hours of work weekly, divided into care work 80% (64 hours) and academia 20% (16 hours). At the National level, the Organic Law of Higher Education establishes its humanist, cultural and scientific character as the purposes of higher education, in addition to 13 consecrating it as a right of the people, the same in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic will respond to the public interest and not will be at the service of individual and corporate interests. The new conditions of work performance in the public and private sectors are increasingly demanding with the quality of the professional training of graduates, therefore, to improve the curricular designs, in what concerns pre-professional practices in an integrated way to knowledge The precedent of the Basic Biomedical Sciences will allow the achievement of the competences and the expected performance in these professionals, the improvement of education and therefore professionals with solid abilities and skills in the field of health and medicine, focused not only on healing but also focused on the prevention and promotion of health, at the different levels of care, coming to conceive a quality health, of the new era that allows to have clear and comprehensive objectives.
Estrategia de prevención a través de la identificación de biomarcadores asociados al estrés laboral en docentes universitario
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Razo Romero, Miriam Patricia Lic.; Ruiz Olarte, Ana Mercedes PS. Cl. Mg
Introduction. Stress in university teachers is considered a serious health problem today, which not only affects them personally, but also in their work field and the educational process. Objective. Design a prevention strategy based on Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) through Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques (PMRT) and the justification of the use of biomarkers for objective measurement. Methodology. Study with a descriptive and explanatory documentary design. The design of the strategy proposes four phases: Selection of teachers under inclusion criteria, application of the ILO-WHO questionnaire on work stress, psycho-education and measurement of cortisol in hair samples, before and after training with PMRT. Results. It is evidenced that stress produces physiological changes with an impact on several systems (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, sympathetic adreno-medullary and immunological), which justifies the use of biomarkers for its objective measurement. One of them is cortisol in hair, proposed in this study, given that it is a non-invasive sample and not sensitive to changes in the circadian rhythm, among other advantages. In adverse work situations, resilient teachers achieve a greater capacity to overcome difficulties and adapt adequately, however, most require the development of psychological skills that allow them better coping to manage stress. Conclusions. The designed strategy aims to ensure the well-being of teachers in their work environment, reducing the stress rate, from different approaches, through psychological and physiological factors, because some measurement instruments can be affected by biases, from the physiological point of view, cortisol in hair is considered a potential biomarker, which also provides a strategy for the assessment of the long of the time. The reduction of stress indices is founded and the development of Burnout Syndrome is avoided with the training of PMRT skills
Estrategia de prevención comunitaria con base a la efectividad de la hemoglobina glicosilada en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Sánchez Ganchozo, Oscar Isidro Lcdo.; Jurado Melo, Verónica Cristina Dra.
Introduction: Promote community prevention strategies based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in health promotion and education to motivate older adults to participate, provide them with opportunities in programs that develop healthy lifestyles, incorporating them to protect the elderly with diabetes mellitus, are necessary to achieve primary health achievements. Objective: To design a community prevention strategy based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in older adults with diabetes mellitus in the San Camilo Subcentre. Methodology: The quantitative method was used, with a positivist approach, in this study the design of documentary research was considered, the source of the data is 40 articles from scientific databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, Latindex, for this a data collection instrument is used, a table called the observations matrix. Results: in the developed theoretical systematization it is evidenced that an early comprehensive assessment helps to prevent or delay more comorbidities to avoid risks of cognitive impairment and physical capacity, the results show that 30% of glycosylated hemoglobin contributes to the elaboration of diagnosis and control in a community, the use of the glycosylated hemoglobin test can become an opportunity to determine the predisposition to the disease. Conclusions: The community strategy designed based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in older adults, establishes the work algorithm to modify lifestyles, in the development of future educational-based interventions, where interactive and participatory learning is developed with the social actors present in the community and continuous learning is promoted.
Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades de obesidad fundamentada en el resultado de la evaluación del consumo de fórmula infantil complementaria
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Fiallos Brito, Edisson Javier Dr.; Mejía Ortíz, Ruth Aurelia Dra. Esp.
Introduction: Childhood obesity is a growing global health problem, despite the increasing rates even in developed countries, there is still no clear treatment strategy. Social barriers are often obstacles to early diagnosis and referral for treatment, parents often do not recognize the problem until it is advanced so it is important to identify and treat children with obesity as early as possible, as well as than to identify comorbid conditions. Objective: To propose a community intervention strategy, with the purpose of creating strategic measures to avoid childhood obesity, to inform the community, especially mothers with children under 2 years of age, the importance of adequate nutrition to avoid childhood obesity. Methodology: The research was descriptive with a quantitative approach and an explanatory level, a theoretical systematization was carried out on infant nutrition based on the evaluation of the consumption of complementary infant formula, and public policies, recommendations and actions related to the nutrition and health, related to good practices of good living. Results: The exclusive feeding of breast milk (70.6%), with an average duration of 3.9 months, I started the complementary feeding of 5.2 months and the start of the complementary feeding with industrialized formulas (28.4%) followed by vegetables (27.1%) and of certain that an exclusive breastfeeding time of less than 3 months is obese almost 4 times more than children with normal weight, statistical methods were used to determine according to BMI with the time of exclusive breastfeeding and it was observed that consumption was 2 months less in those who were obese so it is imperative that health care providers identify children who are overweight and obese in order to provide counseling and treatment. The most effective prevention strategies are those that are associated with several components, and in order to be more effective they must incorporate the family and start at an early age. 10 . Conclusions: Effective interventions aimed at preventing overweight and obesity in infants Include promotion of breastfeeding, monitoring of infant growth, promotion of ideal complementary food intake, through nutritional counseling with a responsive food intake approach, provided in various settings such as the health center, activities contemplated in the designed community prevention strategy.
Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades diarreicas agudas a partir de la evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Argotti Zumbana, Carlos Fabián Lic.; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PHD.
Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADD) represent one of the conditions produced mainly by the consumption of contaminated water, the most affected population worldwide being children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas, where wastewater treatment is inappropriate. Human waste is discharged into open latrines, canals, and streams, or is spread on farmland. It is estimated that these diseases affect 1.5 million children annually and constitute the second cause of death in children under five years of age, with an estimated 525,000 each year. There are many underground water springs, which constitute an important source of water for human consumption and agricultural use, which are affected by the contamination caused by the nearby septic tanks that contain organic waste, animal feces or by agro-chemicals, coming from the agricultural activity which infiltrate through the soil and reach these water sources, also due to the physical conditions of the catchment points, which are not ideal in infrastructure; giving rise to the alteration of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water and therefore the quality of life of the people who are supplied in different ways from these deposits consider ourselves a vehicle for the transport of pathogens that cause epidemic diseases, toxic infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as amoebic dysentery, diarrhea, abdominal pain, among others. The water quality assessment is based on the determination of specific chemicals that can affect health after exposure. It is a multi-approach process that studies the physical, chemical, and biological nature of water in relation to natural quality, human and aquatic health-related effects. This research arises from the need of the community's inhabitants to have water for direct consumption or for quality agriculture. Therefore, the study of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the spring waters is of great relevance. used by the community of San Luis to prevent causes that generate diseases of water origin and sanitary danger. Interviews were conducted with the heads of households of the community of San Luis de Mulalillo, to determine the origin, distribution, and management of water and if any member of the family had ADD in the period of 9 months of study, water samples were collected of the different strategic points in the catchment, for its analysis in the laboratory and it was determined that acute diarrheal diseases are not only due to the fecal coliforms present in the water but also to other factors that the inhabitants are exposed to. It was shown that in the parameters pH, fluorides, turbidity, nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, they are in acceptability of the environmental quality while the parameters of nitrates, residual chlorine 17 and fecal coliforms exceed the maximum permissible limits, so that there could be a direct correlation with the appearance of acute diarrheal diseases in the infant and long-lived population of the community. The quality of the water of the Tunancay river slope is affected by the inadequate hygiene conditions of the homes near the river, as well as the waste of the animals that graze along the riverbanks and that the inhabitants do not take due care to that these are not close to the water springs, that is why a community prevention strategy was applied on the proper use and protocols to follow for the consumption of safe water in the population, together with the authorities and the community council and talks were established in order to prevent diarrheal diseases in the population, in addition to a proposal for them to carry out procedures inherent to the development of a necessary drinking water and sewerage project in this population. It is concluded that the water in the community of San Luis de Mulalillo is contaminated by total Colibacilli that exceed the maximum tolerable limits, as well as the presence of nitrates and residual chlorine
Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades diarreicas agudas con base a la evaluación microbiológica del agua de consumo humano
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Martínez Saltos, Franklin Esteban Lic.; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lcda. Mg.
The water they consume in the parish of San Bartolomé de Pinllo is contaminated by coliforms, which remain causing acute diarrheal diseases in the inhabitants. The purpose of this investigation is to design a tactic for community prevention of acute diarrheal diseases by evaluating the microbiological quality of water for human consumption. For the investigation, 30 water samples were taken from random homes using the table of random numbers, the water was analyzed using the membrane filtration procedure, having as a consequence that the water in the parish has high levels of coliforms and does not comply with the technical rule NTE INEN 1108. The results obtained from the microbiological studies of the recent water samples will be compared with the results obtained previously, to check if the water has improved its quality, as well as a survey using the same questions used before and the recent results will be compared with the previous ones and to establish if the acute diarrheal pathologies have diminished. A community prevention plan will be applied to improve the quality of life of the residents of the parish
Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de infecciones vaginales con base en el estudios de los conocimientos y actitudes sobre sexualidad
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Toasa Ortiz, Fernanda Paulina Lic.; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivone Lic. Mg.
Introduction: Vaginal infections currently constitute a serious public health problem, as the most frequent reasons for consultation in University students, in view of this situation, the relationship with knowledge of attitudes and practices on knowledge about sexuality was determined, through analysis of the knowledge acquired by the students, and to identify the main factors that interfere in the study problem. Objective: To design the community prevention strategy for vaginal infections in relation to the study of knowledge and attitudes about sexuality. Methodology: A prospective, descriptive study was carried out on a universe of 500 female students from the Technical University of Ambato in the period March 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019, a sample of 218 female students who attended the dispensary for consultation was calculated. doctor. Results: in the study carried out, it was evidenced that there was a history of vaginal infections, sexual partners, frequency of visits to the gynecologist, use of barrier contraceptive methods, intimate hygiene; Results in the studied group, it was found that 2 cases of Trichomonas vaginalis with 6% and 4 cases of mixed vaginal infections with 13%, among the hygiene factors causing vaginal infections, 68% of cases were found in users with a history of of vaginal infection. Conclusions: The strategy designed for the community prevention of vaginal infections in relation to the study of knowledge and attitudes about sexuality, is structured in different stages and is based on the high rate of health complications of the studied population, which are given by : cervical cancer, septic shock, pelvic peritonitis that could lead to death if the importance of risk prevention is not given from actions at the community level, also important are problems related to sexuality, in order to avoid feelings of shame or guilt, unfounded beliefs, and other psychological factors that may inhibit sexual intercourse or disrupt relationships or sexual response.
Estrategia de prevención comunitaria en COVID-19 en la población fundamentada en el análisis epidemiológico
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Baño Barrionuevo, Marlene Soledad Lcda.; Villacís Valencia, Sandra Elizabeth Dr. Esp.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causal agent of the COVID-19 disease has caused a pandemic with extraordinary repercussions on the health, economic, political and social situation worldwide, for which Ecuador has been significantly affected with figures of 446,633 confirmed cases and 15,713 deaths, Tungurahua reports high numbers of infections and deaths. Objective: Design a community prevention strategy for the COVID-19 disease produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the province's population based on epidemiological analysis. ' Methods and Materials: This study is articulated with two Research Projects, it is defined as explanatory, experimental, longitudinal and prospective where a community prevention strategy for COVID-19 is designed based on the results obtained for the province of Tungurahua in, the period from October 05, 2020 to April 30, 2021.Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Results: The age group of 18 to 26 years old predominated in the female gender, the mestizo ethnic identification 7.2% of patients with a history of COVID-19 prior to the evaluation. 13% of the cases had signs suggestive of COVID-19 at the time of In the evaluation, among the risk factor the following predominated: Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Bronchial Asthma, Ischemic Heart Disease. And among the social risk factors predominated: overcrowding, extreme poverty, inability to access health services. 7 Conclusion: The community prevention strategy of COVID-19 based on the epidemiological analysis in the Tungurahua province shows a probable impact on the reduction of transmission, morbidity and associated mortality from the modification of identified clinical and social risk factors, together with actions for the promotion and community prevention of the disease
Estrategia de Prevención de Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas en Pacientes Pediátricos Inmunocomprometidos del Cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12-01) Cocha Gahona, Ramiro Sebastian Lcdo.; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando PhD Mg.
Introduction. The design of an educational strategy for the prevention of infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients has an important relevance as an aid in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in this type of population, since a student duly trained in their skills can respond to the problem. of health in pediatric patients with some degree of immunodeficiency, applying nursing interventions safely and based on scientific foundation. Objective: To design a pedagogical and didactic strategy for the learning of nursing students who attend the rotating internship in knowledge, skills and attitudes in the prevention of infectious diseases in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Methods and Materials: This study is articulated to the Research Project: "Prevention strategies for childhood diseases the success of modern pediatrics", descriptive and explanatory statistical methods were used, it is defined as a study where a pedagogical and didactic strategy is designed for the learning of nursing students who attend the rotating internship in knowledge, skills and attitudes in the prevention of infectious diseases in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Results: 56% of the Rotating Nursing Interns indicate that they have not received any type of training regarding the topic raised, in addition, 80% show a lack of knowledge in the ability to recognize the main symptomatology in children from 2 months to 4 years. Finally, attending conferences and seminars is the option most suggested by students with 92% as a method to improve skills. Conclusion: The insertion of the educational strategy within the syllables corresponding to the rotating nursing internship is an adequate alternative as a learning method for students, its application and evaluation may suggest new studies in the field of university teachi
Estrategia de prevención de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en neurocirugía fundamentada en factores de riesgo
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Quinatoa Caba, Gabriela Giovanna Lic.; Chicaiza Tayupanta, Jesús Dr. Esp.
Introduction: Surgical site infection control is of paramount importance to reduce complications, hospital stay, avoid resistance to antibiotics, reduce hospital care costs, improve health indicators. Therefore, the identification of probable risk factors and the development of a prevention strategy is an urgent need, much more so in neurosurgical patients due to mortality and associated disability. Objective: To design a strategy for the prevention of surgical site infections in neurosurgery based on identified risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, case study study of patients who underwent neurosurgical surgical procedures was carried out, during the period from November 1, 2017 to April 30, 2020, a total of 269 surgeries and one census sample of 30 cases that did present, the risk factors under study were: age, American Society of Anestesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) level, presence of comorbidities, sex, presence of drains, osteosynthesis material or implants, prophylactic antibiotic, duration of surgery, type of wound , etiology, priority of surgery descriptive statistical methods will be used. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections (SSI) was 11.2%, with craniotomies being the surgeries that were infected in the highest proportion, in addition, a statistical importance was evidenced in the following factors: age: adults 18-64 years, male sex, ASA III, presence of osteosynthesis material and implants, trauma as etiology, emergent surgeries, surgery time: average of 4 hours, arterial hypertension(HTA), most prevalent isolated microorganism: staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: The surgical site infection prevention strategy in Neurosurgery, based on the identification of probable risk factors, constitutes a viable alternative for the control of surgical site-associated infections in the specialty, with a favorable impact on associated morbidity and mortality
Estrategia de prevención de malnutrición fundamentada en el tamizaje neonatal a través del método clínico de Metcoff
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Zabala Haro, Alicia Monserrath Méd.; Carrillo Sarabia, Reinaldo Gonzalo Dr. Esp.
Child malnutrition is a widely distributed pathology, as studied, the approach through the concept of the thousand days improves the understanding of the process as well as the opportunities for intervention that can influence the eradication of the pathology and improve the quality of life of the child and the future adult. This documentary investigative work addresses child malnutrition due to deficit and describes the development from the moment of conception to 2 years of age around fetal metabolic reprogramming, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy and compensatory growth. "Catch up growth", opens the window to malnutrition in the immediate, mediate, future postnatal period, the introduction of sensitive CANS core tools that allow early detection of fetal malnutrition by labeling patients within a group of high nutritional risk in conjunction with those with explicit alterations of deprivation suffered in pregnancy. Thus, a proposal for a community strategy is proposed based on four axes: Early diagnosis of subclinical malnutrition, prioritization of the quality of health services, quality of data collection systems, and social participation that are articulated with management strategies. optimize economic, political and institutional efforts for the eradication of child malnutrition.
Estrategia de prevención de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular en pacientes con lipodistrofia e infección por vih en tratamiento antirretroviral.
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Rubio Lalama, Diego Andrés Dr.; Quishpe, Graciela Lic. Esp. Mg.
Introduction: Antiretrovirals as a side effect generates the appearance of metabolic alterations that phenotypically manifest with lipodystrophy, the present investigation seeks a strategy for the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in patients living with HIV and lipodystrophy. Methods: Systematic bibliographic review of articles published within the years 2015 - 2021 in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Dialnet, Medes, Cochrane, in which the MeSH terms were used: “Lipodystrophy”, “HIV / AIDS ", "Nutritional condition". The use of the boolean "and" was used, discarding the use of "or" since the interest was to examine publications on metabolic and cardiovascular risk in patients with lipodystrophy and HIV infection. The following equations were used in the aforementioned databases, “HIV / AIDS” AND “Lipodystrophy” AND “Nutritional status”. In addition, as a complement, the bibliographic references of each article were manually reviewed. The inclusion criteria were articles from all countries, published during the previous 5 years, in the Spanish and English languages. Studies conducted in human adults infected with HIV / AIDS, undergoing antiretroviral treatment and presenting lipodystrophy were chosen. Articles that studied pediatric patients, that did not include lipodystrophy, and those that did not have conclusive results were excluded. Titles and abstracts were read. the inclusion or not of the article to read the full text; For this, an abstract selection table was prepared. The information of each article was recorded, in a database in Microsoft Excel 2010, which included year and place of occurrence, population, age, sex, diagnostic tests, indicators, percentage of lipodystrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: It is necessary to present a strategy for the early identification of metabolic and cardiovascular risk and its prevention early.
Estrategia de prevención para disminuir el riesgo cardiovascular en personal de salud con síndrome de burnout
(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-09-01) Álvarez Córdova, Verónica Maribel Md.; Flores Hernández, Verónica Fernanda Ps. Cl. Mg.
The purpose of this research work is established to meet the need to generate a prevention strategy for the reduction of cardiovascular risk in health personnel with diagnosed burnout syndrome. The objective is to achieve a method to minimize the cardiovascular risk factors of health personnel who present burnout through a process based on six phases with the respective analysis after its development. It is worth mentioning that there are few studies analyzing cardiovascular risk factors in personal health with burnout syndrome. Reason for which, the investigative work proposes a document review that will serve as a basis for the planning of a strategy in relation to the development of the work activities of the health personnel, since it has been detected as an important demonstration in the generation of labor stress for several years. Needs that require changes in healthy habits, but not considering them, could affect various levels and sub-levels of health. The proposal therefore seeks to be a tool within the area of occupational health and promotion, to provide direct assistance for decision-making with the aim of forwarding any health unit to reduce cardiovascular risk and burnout syndrome, through the improvement of working conditions and practices that promote a better lifestyle.
Estrategia didáctica de aprendizaje grupal virtual con enfoques complejos para la prevención comunitaria del cáncer de cuello uterino con base en la caracterización inmunogenética
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-03-20) Núñez Lescano, Franklin Aníbal; Arias Tapia, Susana Elizabeth
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and a leading cause of death. The objective of the study is to analyze the application of virtual group learning didactic strategies with complex approaches for community prevention of cervical cancer based on immunogenetic characterization. The methodology is bibliographical, explanatory, and cross-sectional, the sample is represented by 20 students who are studying the second level of bachelor in medicine at the Technical University of Ambato, to whom a survey was applied that measures general skills. The results show that the group didactic strategies through the EVAs were applied at a medium level, 60% of students answered that sometimes supported EVA focus groups were used. The competence about the evaluation and characterization of immunogenetics of cervical cancer, also obtain a medium range in 50% of the students. The evaluation of knowledge about cervical cancer of the students has a medium level, 55% answered that they sometimes identify it from the risk factors. Based on the diagnosis, a didactic strategy of virtual group learning with complex approaches was designed, contemplating the implementation of eight work sessions, which seek for students to share their knowledge, encourage discussion through focus groups, problem- based learning and develop educational products with virtual tools with a complex approach based on the disease, the environment and community participation.